Public Health

Question 1

How was epidemiology exemplified?

Answer 1

John snow with his work on cholera

Question 2

Public health issues?

Answer 2

Immunisation
Outbreaks
Teenage pregnancies
Heart disease
HIV/AIDs
Smoking
Accidents

Question 3

Challenges of feeding the world?

Answer 3

Population size
Costs
Sustainability

Question 4

Clinical manifestation of a Vit A deficiency?

Answer 4

Blindness
Increased severity of diarrhoea and infections

Question 5

Clinical manifestation of iodine deficiency?

Answer 5

Poor cognitive development

Question 6

What is epidemiology?

Answer 6

Study of the frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in a population

Question 7

Crude death rate?

Answer 7

Mortality rate for whole population

Question 8

Equation for incidence rate?

Answer 8

No. of persons exposed to risk of developing the disease during that period of time

Question 9

Prevalance rate equation?

Answer 9

Number of persons at risk of having disease at that point in time

Question 10

Under-nutrition?

Answer 10

Food insecurity, restricted access to nutrient dense food

Question 11

Overweight and obesity?

Answer 11

High volumes of food that are high in energy but low in nutrients

Question 12

Chronic diet related conditions?

Answer 12

Diabetes
CAD
Peripheral artery disease
Strokes
Cancer
Bone disease
Dental disease
Hypertension
Obesity

Question 13

PPE stand for

Answer 13

A: Personal protective equipment

Question 14

The analysis of cells based on their physical form & structure.

The measurement of T-lymphocyte subsets in blood.

Answer 14

Light microscopy is commonly used for the morphological assessment of cells.

Immunophenotypid investigates the pattern of antigen expression on or in cells through a panel of antibodies. Protein expression profiles, unique to different cell-types can thus be identified through immunophenotyping.

Question 15

What goes into orange bags

Answer 15

Used IV drip tubing goes into an orange bag as an orange bag is a
non-sharp clinical waste. Paper towels & empty medication blister packs go into a black bag. Unused needles & empty vaccine vials go into sharps bins.

Question 16

morbidity?
* New cases occurring in a defined time period ?

Answer 16

• Frequency of which a disease appears in a population
• Incidence

Question 17

Sensitivity vs. Specificity

Answer 17

Sensitivity measures how often a test correctly generates a positive result for people who have the condition that’s being tested for.
Specificity measures a test’s ability to correctly generate a negative result for people who don’t have the condition

Question 18

We want to:

Answer 18

Intervene to remove risk factors (Eg. Smoking ban)

Question 19

Incidence =

Prevalence =

Answer 19

1. No. of **new cases **present/no. people exposed (per 1000)
2. No. of **total cases **present/no. people at risk (per 1000)

Question 20

Incidence includes:

Answer 20

B. New cases occurring in a defined time period

Question 21

A: Confidential waste (blue bag)
B: Clinical waste (orange bag)
C: Soiled laundry (Red bag)
D: Medications vials with residual medicine (Yellow sharps bin, blue lid)
E: Needles, syringes, other sharps (Yellow sharps bin, red lid)

Answer 21

Household waste (black bag)
B: Confidential waste (blue bag)
C: Clinical waste (orange bag)
D: Soiled laundry (red bag)
E: Theatre - eg amputated limbs (yellow bag)

Question 22

A - Airway assessment
B - Breathing assessment
C - Circulation assessment
D - Correct - Disability assessment in which glucose monitoring is integral
E - Evidence, environment, exposure