Pulmonary

Question 1

What is the major difference between Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis?
(hint: think anatomy)

Answer 1

Emphysema affects the alveoli while bronchitis affects the large and small airways (bronchi ad bronchioles)

Question 2

True or False: Panacinar Emphysema affects the alveolar ducts and alveolus while Centrilobular Emphysema affects bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In asthma, how does air trapping and alveolar hyperinflation occur?

Answer 3

Bronchiolar smooth muscle CONSTRICTS

Question 4

How does fluid infiltration occur in asthma patients?

Answer 4

1. Increased mucus production
2. Increased bronchiolar mucosal inflammation/thickening

Question 5

In chronic bronchitis, which two cell types experience hypertrophy?

Answer 5

Goblet cell and bronchiolar smooth muscle cells

Question 6

Decreased function of mucociliary escalator is associated with which condition:
A. Asthma
B. Chronic Bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 6

B. Chronic Bronchitis

Question 7

True or False: Air trapping is present in both Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False: Chronic airway inflammation is seen in Emphysema

Answer 8

False - in Chronic Bronchitis

Question 9

True or False: GERD is a risk factor for asthma

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Aphasia, immobilization, COPD, Heart Disease, and AIDS are risk factors for:
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia

Answer 10

D. Pneumonia

Question 11

True or False: Pneumonia is an inflammatory reaction of the distal airway

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Severe, systemic/pulmonary insult, resulting in strong inflammatory response (e.g pancreatitis, pneumonia, acute renal failure) are risk factors for:
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema

Answer 12

B. ARDS

Question 13

Which two conditions
are characterized by inflammatory reaction of distal airway?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema

Answer 13

B. ARDS / D. Pneumonia

Question 14

What sort of long term changes to the alveolar wall are seen in ARDS?

Answer 14

1. Thickening of inter-alveolar capillary space
2. Collagen deposits

Question 15

Which condition can lead to pulmonary edema, stiff lung (reduced compliance), fibrosis, acute hypoxia, and increased work of breathing?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema

Answer 15

B. ARDS

Question 16

Which condition is associated with tachypnea, tachycardia, low BP; productive cough; cyanosis, fever, crackles, chest pain, confusion?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema

Answer 16

B. ARDS

Question 17

Which condition can cause skin flushing, diarrhea, tachycardia; Cushing Syndrome; Hyper/Hypocalcemia; Weight Loss; Cachexia (e.g parneoplastic effects - makes a hormone that causes the effect)
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Lung Cancer

Answer 17

E. Lung Cancer

Question 18

Immobilization puts one at high risk of developing which two conditions?

Answer 18

Pulmonary Embolism and Pneumonia

Question 19

_____: Sudden, life threatening occlusion of pulmonary artery by embolism or thrombus

Answer 19

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 20

Ventilation-perfusion mismatching is a feature of which two conditions?

Answer 20

Pulmonary embolism + Pneumothrorax

Question 21

Which condition usually takes years to develop (unless its due to infection) and occurs when heart can’t meet demands of body. Symptoms include: exercise intolerance, fatigue, edema.

Answer 21

CHF

Question 22

_____: Transudative or exudative fluid in pleural space, results from inflammatory condition or infection (pneumonia)

Answer 22

Pleural Effusion

Question 23

_____: condition where functional lung parenchymal tissue is replaced by scar tissue

Answer 23

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Question 24

True or False: In pulmonary fibrosis, the lung tissue is thickened, stiff, and scarred

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Typically, pulmonary fibrosis arises from inflammatory process that is triggered by ____ disease (e.g lupus)

Answer 25

autoimmune

Question 26

True or False: Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, and Asthma are conditions in which patients rely on accessory mm

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Hemoptysis is most commonly seen with which two condition?

Answer 27

Pneumonia and Lung Cancer

Question 28

True or False: Both pneumothorax and PE are acute conditions

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What is the gold standard for dx

Question 30

You may or may not have a productive cough with ____. However, in _____, you WILL have a productive cough (worse in AM) + bad breath

Answer 30

Emphysema; Chronic Bronchitis

Question 31

Hyper-inflated barrel chest suggest which condition?

Answer 31

Emphysema

Question 32

Midline shift (of diaphragm) is associated with: A. Chronic Bronchitis B. Emphysema C. Lung Cancer D. Pneumothorax

Answer 32

D. Pneumothorax

Question 33

- Pleural Friction Rub suggests which condition?

Answer 33

Pleural Effusion

Question 34

___ and ___are associated with cyanosis while ____ is associated with SUDDEN cyanosis

Answer 34

ARDS, PE; Pneumothorax

Question 35

Kerley B Lines are associated with: A. Pneumothroax B. Emphysema C. Lung Cancer D. Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 35

D. Congestive Heart Failure (or possibly

Question 36

The chest X-ray is a good test for diagnosing which three conditions?

Answer 36

Pneumonia ARDS Lung Cancer

Question 37

"Ground glass appearance" on a CXR suggests which condition? A. Pneumothroax B. Emphysema C. Lung Cancer D. Congestive Heart Failure E. ARDS

Answer 37

E. ARDS

Question 38

An X-ray that shows an enlarged heart suggests which condition? A. Pneumothroax B. Emphysema C. Lung Cancer D. Congestive Heart Failure E. ARDS

Answer 38

D. Congestive Heart Failure (chronic)

Question 39

True or False: In most cases of COVID-19, stiffness or elasticity is lower

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Patients with ___ have less SOB, but still very hypoxic

Answer 40

ARDS/COVID-19

Question 41

True or False: Kerley B Lines represent the costophrenic sulci

Answer 41

True

Question 42

A meniscus sign + atelectasis suggests which condition?

Answer 42

Pleuritis

Question 43

Enlarged heart + Kerley B Lines suggests:

Answer 43

Pulmonary Edema/CHF

Question 44

Lacey appearance suggests:

Answer 44

Pneumonia

Question 45

Which two conditions does this patient have?

Answer 45

Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion (meniscus sign) Pneumonia (Lacey appearance)

Question 46

Which condition is shown?

Answer 46

Lung cancer

Question 47

Which condition is shown

Answer 47

Pneumothorax (midline shift)

Question 48

Which condition is shown

Answer 48

Pneumothorax (midline shift)

Question 49

Which condition is this?

Answer 49

COVID/ARDS