Pulmonary II Flashcards by Katlyn Heneghan

Destructive enzymes break down alveolar
walls, leading to: floppy airway (more compliance), air trapping and
decreased SA for gas exchange in which condition?
A. Emphysema
B. COPD
C. CHF
D. PE

A. Emphysema

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What’s the difference between Centrilobular and Panacinar pneumonia?

Centrilobular affects bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles

Panacinar affects alveolar ducts and alveolus

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Genetic mutations in α1 anti-trypsin, smoking,
exposure to 2nd hand smoke or air pollution are risk factors for which two conditions?

Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis

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Which condition is characterized by diminished mucocilliary escalator function +
hypertrophy of goblet and bronchiolar smooth
muscle cells?
A. Lung Cancer
B. Pleural Effusion
C. CHF
D. Pneumothorax
E. Chronic Bronchitis

E. Chronic Bronchitis

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Which condition is associated with chronic infection, which leads to chronic AIRWAY inflammation and
AIR TRAPPING secondary to SECRETION RETENTION?

Chronic Bronchitis

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In which condition do irritants (allergens, pollution, dust, etc…) lead to reversible inflammatory response in bronchioles?
A. Lung Cancer
B. Pleural Effusion
C. CHF
D. Pneumothorax
E. Asthma

E. Asthma

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True or False:
Respiratory infection and air temperature contributes to developing asthma

True!

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How is bronchial smooth muscle affected in asthmatics?

Bronchial SM constricts
constricts, leading to air trapping & alveolar hyperinflation

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Which two factors lead to fluid infiltration, as
seen in asthma?

Increased in mucous production
Bronchiolar, mucosal inflammation + thickening

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Aphasia, immobilization, malnutrition, COPD, heart disease,
AIDS, and being asplenic are risk factors for:
A. Lung Cancer
B. Pleural Effusion
C. CHF
D. Pneumothorax
E. Pneumonia

E. Pneumonia

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True or False: CHF is an inflammatory reaction of the distal airway to insult/microorganism

False - pneumonia

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____ evolves in stages, often following a viral infection

Pneumonia

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____ is a severe, systemic or
pulmonary insult resulting in
strong inflammatory or
immune response

ARDS

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Having pancreatitis, pneumonia, acute
renal failure, or shock can make you more likely to develop ____

ARDS

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Thickening of inter-alveolar-capillary space, as well as pulmonary edema, fibrosis, and stiff lung (reduced
compliance) are features of which condition:
A. Pleural Effusion
B. COPD
C. ARDS
D. Asthma

C. ARDS

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Which cytokine plays a major role in the intense cytokine-induced inflammation associated with ARDS?

IL-8

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Effects of IL-8 in ARDS?

Antibodies forming immune complexes

IC:
1) attract/activate neutrophils
2) trigger edema, fibrosis &
hypoxia

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Increased lung stiffness (↓ compliance), ↑ work of breathing is characteristic of _____

ARDS

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True or False: Productive cough, cyanosis, crackles, chest pain, and low BP are associated with ARDS

True

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____typically starts as “coin lesion” along bronchi with mix of
cartilage and epithelial cells

Lung cancer

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Skin flushing, diarrhea, dyspnea & asthma-like
symptoms, tachycardia; Cushing syndrome, hyper/hypocalcemia,
weight loss, and cachexia are parneoplasic effects, as seen in: ______

Lung Cancer

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____: Sudden, life-threatening occlusion of a
pulmonary artery by embolism or thrombus.
Leads to ventilation-perfusion mismatching

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Deconditioning, HTN, smoking, diabetes,
atherosclerosis, obesity, hyperlipidemia, MI,
valvular heart disease, viral or bacterial
infections, hyper/hypothyroidism are risk factors associated with:

CHF

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Which condition typically takes years
to develop (5-30 years), but can occur acutely w/infection?

A. CHF
B. Asthma
C. PE

A. CHF

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True or False: Exercise intolerance, edema, and SOB are characteristic of CHF

True

Blood “backs up” into pulmonary/systemic system/both and heart & vasculature undergoes remodeling in which condition?

CHF

Contusion/trauma, COPD, connective tissue disorders, TB, and tall stature are risk factors for:

Pneumothroax

True or False: There is ventilation: perfusion mismatching in pneumothroax

True

Pneumonia, connective tissue disorder (RA, SLE, etc...), CHF, lymphedema, neoplasm, TB, and pancreatitis are risk factors for: A. PE B. CHF C. Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion D. Pneumonia

C. Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion

Which condition may have insidious onset and mimic, musculoskeletal pain except pain related to breathing cycle? A. PE B. CHF C. Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion D. Pneumonia

C. Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion

What causes the transudative/exudative fluid in pleural space, as seen in pleural effusion?

Inflammatory condition or infection (pneumonia)

Which condition is associated with thickened, stiff, and scarred lung? A. Emphysema B. Pulmonary Fibrosis C. Pleural Effusion

B. Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis typically arises from an inflammatory process that is triggered by ____, ____, or _____

pneumonia, irritants, or auto-immune disorder

True or False: Increased lung stiffness, decreased diffusion capacity and SOB, especially with expiration is characteristic of pulmonary edema

False - of Pulmonary Fibrosis

Although emphysema and chronic bronchitis are similar, in the prior one has a ___ complexion while in the latter one is ____

pink; cyanotic

Wheezing, hyper-inflated lung/barrel chest, flat diaphragm, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia are characteristic of which two pulmonary disorders?

Emphysema / Chronic Bronchitis

True or False: Emphysema may or may not have productive cough

True

Productive cough (worse in AM) that is accompanied by bad breath suggets:

Chronic Bronchitits

True or False: Heart failure develops later in emphysema and chronic bronchitis

True

Which disorder occurs acutely with wheezing?

Asthma

Which disorder is common in patients with prolonged bed rest, immune-suppressed patients, elderly, very young, exposure to pt with TB or other respiratory infectious agent, aspiration?

Pneumonia

High fever, crackles/wheezing/ diminished breath sounds, as well as productive couch, hemoptysis, and chest pain are associated with which condition?

Pneumonia

Weight loss, cachexia, wheezing/crackling, and hemoptysis suggests:

Lung Cancer

____: Develops acutely in patients on prolonged bed rest, with presence of DVT, s/p air travel or with coagulation dx

_____ is a slowly developing condition associated with fatigue, SOB, wt. loss/gain (with fluid retention), peripheral edema, decreased exercise tolerance, etc.

CHF

Kerley B-lines suggest:

CHF

SOB (primary symptom), hemoptysis and chest pain (unilateral) are associated with which condition?

Acute onset of cyanosis, anxiety, midline shift, and stridor suggests which pulmonary condition?

Pneumothorax

Which condition can be caused by pneumonia, CHF, respiratory disease, prolonged or protracted illness, connective tissue disorders and rheumatoid disorders?

Pleural Effusion

Diminished breath sounds over lower lobes, accompanied by chest pain with inspiration or expiration, SOB, possible fever suggests:

Pleural Effusion

Prolonged expose to industrial air pollution, dust or smoking and h/o autoimmune disorder suggests:

Pulmonary Fibrosis

True or False: In COVID-19, there's a mismatch between severity of hypoxemia and calculated stiffness

True

What is shown? A. Kerley B Lines B. Air bronchogram C. Silhouette Sign D. Midline Shift