Lectures 1 and 2: Intro

Question 1

___ : proliferating cells are transformed into specialized cell types

Answer 1

Cellular differentiation

Question 2

True or False: The more specialized a cell is, the less apt it is to divide

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: Cellular differentiation is controlled by changes in gene expression and is induced by environmental cues

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Heart cells, skeletal muscle cells, and nerve cells do not undergo MITOSIS post-natally, making them:
A. Continuously dividing cells
B. Quiescent Cells
C. Non-dividing cells

Answer 4

C. Non-dividing cells

Question 5

Liver, kidney, and pancreas cells are parenchymal cells that reside in G0 and are triggered to replicate, making them:
A. Continuously dividing cells
B. Quiescent Cells
C. Non-dividing cells

Answer 5

B. Quiescent Cells

Question 6

True or False: Mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, smooth muscle) and vascular endothelial cells are non-dividing cells

Answer 6

False - they are quiescent cells

Question 7

Transitional epithelium of urinary tract, stem cells, and bone marrow and hematopoietic tissues are ____ ___ cells

Answer 7

continuosly dividing cells

Question 8

Continuously dividing cells are ____
Quiescent cells are ___ cells
Non-dividing cells are ___ cells

Answer 8

labile
stable cells
permanent cells

Question 9

True or False: Topographic cues enhance and direct nerve axonal regeneration

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Can cells respond to ECM biophysical cues?

Can artificial surfaces can mimic individual ECM components?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Artificial surfaces are tools to separate __ cues from ___ cues

Answer 11

biochemical; biophysical

Question 12

What is the advantage of using silicon masters to make mass quantities of polyurethane substrates?

Answer 12

Can be used to characterize effects of one topographic variable at one time

Question 13

What three pieces of information are stored in the native extracellular matrix?

Answer 13

1) Compliance
2) Elasticity
3) Geometries/Topography

Question 14

True or False: Cells deposit ECM proteins and ECM can self-assemble

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Biochemical ligands bind to ___ ___

Answer 15

cell receptors

Question 16

Which five components make up the extracellular matrix?

Answer 16

Collagen (fibrillar vs. non)
Fibronectin
Laminin
Nidogen
Perlecan

Question 17

___: non-cellular component present within all tissues and organs, and provides not only essential physical scaffolding for cellular constituents but also initiates crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues that are required for tissues morphogenesis, differentiation, and homeostasis

Answer 17

ECM

Question 18

True or False: Biochemical signals can bind to receptor, leading to intracellular change in gene expression

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Can biochemical signals come from static (insoluble) sources too?

Answer 19

Yes - the ECM!

Question 20

Tension headaches, fibromyalgia, and functional bowel syndrome is which type of disease?
A. Organic Diseases
B. Syndromes
C. Structural
D. Functional

Answer 20

D. Functional

Question 21

True or False: Diabetes, HTN, and mental illness can be classified as functional and structural

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Lesions or physical manifestations are which type of disease?
A. Syndromes
B. Structural
C. Functional

Answer 22

B. Structural
- organic diseases

Question 23

What are the three major categories of structural diseases?

Answer 23

1) Genetic and developmental
2) Acquired injuries and inflammatory diseases
3) Hyperplasia and neoplasm

Question 24

True or False: Syndromes are signs and symptoms associated with more than one disease entity (e.g nephrotic syndrome)

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are the four common causes of chronic disease?

Answer 25

1) Lack of physical exercise 2) Poor nutrition 3) Tobacco use 4) Excessive ETOH consumption

Question 26

Homeostasis -> ___ of disease -> ___ disease

Answer 26

genesis; chronic

Question 27

Heart disease and cancer are leading cause of death in ___ Ischemic heart disease and stroke are leading cause of death ___

Answer 27

US; worldwide

Question 28

In RNA vaccines, RNA stays in ___. By contrast, in DNA vaccines, DNA enters __ ___

Answer 28

cytoplasm; cell nucleus

Question 29

Pfizer and Moderna are ___based vaccines that use a liposome particle vector and require 2 doses J/J is DNA-based adenovirus vector, which requires 1 dose

Answer 29

RNA-based

Question 30

True or False: Primary research has original data while Commentary is a discussion of the material

Answer 30

True

Question 31

____: describes the conditions observed in a disease state

Answer 31

Pathology

Question 32

____: discipline that attempts to explain how normal physiological mechanisms change during genesis and progression of disease

Answer 32

Pathophysiology