Pulmonary and Renal Pharm

Question 1

What are the 4 groups of drugs used for asthma as it increases in severity?

Answer 1

1-Relievers
2-Preventers
3-Add on controllers
4-Oral steroids

Question 2

What group of asthma drugs are rapid bronchodilators used a minimum dose and frequency?

Answer 2

Relievers

Question 3

What group of asthma drugs are taken regularly as long-term control and prevention?

Answer 3

Controllers

Question 4

Which type of drugs are the drug of choice for acute, intermittent asthma?

Answer 4

B2 selective adrenoreptor agonists (albuterol, salmeterol)

Question 5

Which drug is the only true rescue reliever of asthma?

Answer 5

Albuterol

Question 6

Which drug is a B2 selective agonist that is longer acting and has a slower onset?

Answer 6

Salmeterol

Question 7

Which group of asthma drugs have systemic effects and are used for chronic maintenance in patients with moderate-severe asthma and require B2 drugs more than once a day?

Answer 7

Corticosteroids

*may cause candidiasis, severe nose bleeds, sores, etc.

Question 8

Which corticosteroid drug is the most commonly used for asthma?

Answer 8

Fluticasone

Question 9

Which group of asthma drugs include theophylline, theobromine and caffeine?

Answer 9

Methylxanthine drugs

Question 10

Which methyxanthine is used for mild acute asthma and can be used for diaphragmatic fatigue in COPD?

Answer 10

Theophylline

*require plasma level monitoring

Question 11

Which group of asthma drugs reverse contraction of smooth muscles in airways by blocking ACh?

Answer 11

Antimuscarinics

*Ipatroprium bromide

Question 12

Which group of asthma drugs are selective leukotriene receptor antagonists and used as prophylactic and chronic asthma?

Answer 12

Leukotriene modifier

*Montelukast (Singulair)

Question 13

Which asthma drug is used for prophylactic use only and inhibits release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine?

Answer 13

Cromolyn

Question 14

Which asthma drug is reserved for patines with chronic severe asthma that is inadequately controlled and inhibits IgE?

Answer 14

Omalizumab

*Very expensive

Question 15

Which respiratory condition is the 4th most common cause of death (usually caused by smoking) and is irreversible airway remodeling?

Answer 15

COPD

*Asthma is Reversible

Question 16

What are 3 longer acting bronchodilators that may help in COPD?

Answer 16

1-Tiotropium bromide
2-Salmetrol
3-Theophylline in combination with Glucocorticoids

Question 17

What anti-influenza drug is affective against influenza A and B and prevents the release of viral progeny from host cells?

Answer 17

Oseltamivir

Question 18

What drug used to be used for its effectivity against Influenza A but is no longer used due to resistance?

Answer 18

Amantadine

*Also an anti-parkinsons drug

Question 19

What are 3 drugs used for smoking cessation?

Answer 19

1-Nicotine replacement therapy
2-Bupropion (tetracyclic antidepressant)
3-Chantix (verenicline): selective nicotinic subunit agonist

Question 20

What drug is used for small stones (

Answer 20

Tamsulosin

Question 21

What are 3 possible interventions for larger kidney stones?

Answer 21

1-Shock wave lithotripsy
2-Telescopic removal
3-Parathyroid gland surgery

Question 22

What are the 4 most common types of kidney stones?

Answer 22

1-Calcium (75%)
2-Struvite (10-15%)
3-Uric acid (5%)
4-Cystine (2-5%)

Question 23

Which type of kidney stone is caused by excess calcium and oxalate and how to you treat the urine to slow deposition?

Answer 23

Calcium Stones

Alkalinize urine to slow deposition

Question 24

Which kidney stone type is composed of magnesium and ammonium phosphate and how do you treat the urine?

Answer 24

Struvite

Acidify urine pH and treat infection

Question 25

Which kidney stone type is caused by excess waste and uric acid and how do you treat the urine?

Answer 25

Uric acid Alkanilize urine pH *about half suffer from gout

Question 26

Which kidney stone type is excess cystine, causes hypercystinuria and how do you treat the urine?

Answer 26

Cystine stones alkanilize urine and increase water to flush

Question 27

Which kidney stone medication is used to treat calcium kidney stones, and is a thiazide diuretic?

Answer 27

Hydrochlorothiazide *distal convoluted tubule action

Question 28

Which kidney stone medication is used for uric acid and cystine stones but may also benefit calcium stones and is contraindicated for struvite stones?

Answer 28

Sodium bicarbonate *Alkalinizes urine

Question 29

Which kidney stone medication is used for cystine stones?

Answer 29

Penicillamine *chelates cystine

Question 30

Which kidney stone medication is used for struvite (infection) stones?

Answer 30

Trimethoprime-sulfmethaxazole *folate synthesis inhibitors)

Question 31

Which kidney stone medication is used for uric acid stones?

Answer 31

Allopurinol

Question 32

Which kidney stone medication is used for strivite crystals but may increase risk of phlebitis, deep vein thrombosis and hemolytic anemia?

Answer 32

Acetohydrozamic acid

Question 33

Infection of the bladder is called ___ infection of the urethra is called _____

Answer 33

Cystitis | Urethritis

Question 34

What are the 3 most common bacterial strains that cause UTIs?

Answer 34

1-E. Coli (G-) 2-Staphylococcus saprophyticus (G+) 3-Klebsiella, Enterococci and Proteus (minority)

Question 35

Which two drugs are used as preferred treatment of UTI?

Answer 35

1-Trimethoprime-sulfmethaxazole | 2-Fosfomycin trometamol

Question 36

Which two drugs are used as alternatives for UTI?

Answer 36

1-Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin | 2-Amoxicillin/clavulanate

Question 37

What are four drugs commonly administered to patients on dialysis?

Answer 37

1-Atenelol (B1 antagonist) to reduce hypertension and HR 2-Captopril (ACE inhibitor) may cause cough 3-Heparin (anticoagulant) 4-Furosemide (diruetic to reduce volume) *EPO may be used as well