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STEP 1 > QTS cards - Microbio > Flashcards

QTS cards - Microbio Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Fluoroquinolone

A

UTI
Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II)

Ciprofloxacin
NOT to be taken with antacids

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2
Q

Nafcillin

A

Naf for Staph

MRSA - Nar resistant bc altered PBP

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3
Q

intrapartum Penicillin/Ampicillin

A

prophylaxis x Strep agalactiate (group B=Babies)

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4
Q

Metrodinazole

A

mild or moderate C. Diff
Guardia
trichomonas vaginitis

AE - disulfiram-like rxn

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5
Q

oral vancomycin

A

severe C. Diff

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6
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

recurrent C. Diff

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7
Q

Ceftriaxone (3rd) + Azithromycin (macrolide) or doxycycline

A

Neisseria Gonococci

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8
Q

Penicillin

A

D-Ala D-Ala

Syphilis

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9
Q

chloroquine + Primaquine

A

Malaria
add prim x P. vivax/ovale - prevent dz relapse

Mefloquinine - for resistant

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10
Q

cefepine (B-lactam)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

continuos daily valacyclovir

A

prevent further HSV

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12
Q

palivizumab

A

RSV prevention

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13
Q

Piperacillin

A 
B-lactam
use with B-lactamase inhibitors CAST to extend spectrum to cover B-lactames producing organisms
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
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14
Q

Cephalosporin
Penicillin
Vancomycin

A

damage cell wall

destroy organism when placed in hypotonic solution

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15
Q

Cefuroxime

A 
B lactam (2nd cepha)
 inhibit cell wall synthesis
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16
Q

aminoglycosides

A

GNATS
(Gentam, neo, Amika, Trobra, Streptomycin)

bind 30S - Inhibit protein synthesis
misreading of mRNA genetic code
block translocation

severe gram - rod

Nephro, Ototoxicity

MOR - bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate drug by acetylation phosphorylation, adenylation, methylation

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17
Q

clindamycin

A

anaerobic infection ABOVE diaphragm

aspiration pneumo, oral infections

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18
Q

Rifampin

A

MOR - mutation reduce drug binding to RNA polymerase

Prophylaxis x close contacts of N. meningitis

CYP450 inducer

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19
Q

Isoniazid

A

Dec synthesis of mycolic acid
Loose acid fastness (cannot create proper cell wall or divide)

processed by mycobacteria catalase peroxidase

M. TB

AE:
Hepatotoxic - hepatitis sx
sideroblastic anemia (INHIBIT pyridoxine phopshokinase cofactor for ALA synthase - NO heme synthesis)
Neurotoxic - supplement B6 (pyridoxine)

MOR - mutation causes under expression of bacterial catalase peroxidase (KatG)

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20
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Binds ergosterols
Toxic bc binds cholesterol

Hypotension, electrolyte imbalance bc renal tubule dysfunction (Low K, Mg), nephrotoxic, anemia, IV thrombophlebitis , arrythmia

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21
Q

nystatin

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A

bind ergosterol
MOR - DEC ergosterol incorporation into cell membrane

tx - oral candidiasis

22
Q

oseltamivir

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A

Dec release/impaired virus particle release

23
Q

Acyclovir

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A

guanosine analog
HSV/VZV thymidine kinase
inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination (incorporated into newly replicated viral DNA)

acute RF - if not very hydrated

IV - HSV 1 encephalitis

24
Q

Protease Inhibitors

NAVIR

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A

HIV

AE: hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy

25
enFUvirtide
binds p41 - inhibit viral entri /fusion (NO penetration)
26
FosCARnet
does NOT require activation by viral kinase binds to inhibit viral DNA/RNA polymerase, HIV reverse transcriptase AE - nephrotoxic, electrolyte abnormal (Dec K, Dec Mg)
27
Vancomycin AE
Nephron, Ototoxic Thrombophlebitis RED MAN syndrome - INC histamine release (NOT IgE) bc TOO FAST INFUSION
28
Azoles
Anti-fungal inhibit lipid synthesis (No demethylation of Lanosterorl to ergosterol) inhibit CYP450 need acidic ph x absorption (CI: omeprazole)
29
tetracycline
bind 30s irreversibly AE - deposits in baby bones
30
Ceftriaxone | Doxycycline
Lyme dz - Borrelia burgdorferi
31
Terbinafide
Inhibit squalene epoxidase
32
raltEGRAvir
reversibly inhibit HIV integrase | - prevent viral mRNA transcription
33
Azithromycin
prophylaxis - HIV pts CD4
34
Penicillin | Cephalosporin (ceftriaxone)
bind irreversible to PBP to block TRANSPEPTIDASE cross-lining of peptidoglycan in cell wall MOR - change in protein structure
35
Vancomycin MOR
change D-ALA to D-LAC
36
BENDazoles
TX pinworm (enterobius vermicularis)
37
cidofovir
nucleotide No viral kinase phosphorylation needed TX x acyclovir resistant HSV, CMV
38
EYEthambutol
red-green ON RIPE
39
daptomycin
MRSA tx disrupts cell membrane/membrane potential AE: myopathy, Inc CPK
40
Nevirapine | Efavirenz
NNRTI Inhibit synthesis of viral DNA from the RNA template. does NOT require phosphorylation
41
ganciclovir
CMV inhibits viral DNA polymerase (blocks DNA chain elongation) AE - Neutropenia (INC with bactrim, zidovudine)
42
Echinocandins | FUNGIN
inhibit synthesis of B-glucan (inhibit cell wall synthesis) TX - candida
43
macrocodes MOA | azythromycin
binds 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit interferes with amino acyl translocation inhibit CYP 450
44
Hydroxychloroquinone
AE - retina changes
45
Linezolid
gram + MRSA, VRE AE - serotonin syndrome (inhibit MAO), bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy
46
Ribarvirin
chronic hep C, RSV inhibit duplication of viral genetic material (no guanine nucleotides synthesis)
47
Rifaximin
Dec intraluminal ammonia production (dec GI bacteria)
48
Lactulose
Hepatic encephalopathy Inc conversion of ammonia to ammonium --> INC excretion
49
ZidovuDINE
NRTIs | terminate viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting 3' - 5' phosphodiester bond formation
50
Abacavir
hypersensitive reaction associated with HLA-B*57:01

STEP 1 (12 decks)

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