Quarter 1 Week 1 [School-based] Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is Biology? (Definition of Biology)
Biology is a branch of Science focused on life and how it functions and exists.
What are the main branches of Biology?
There are 3 main branches of Biology, which are Botany (The Study of Plants), Zoology (The Study of Animals), and Microbiology (The Study of Microorganisms)
Botany:
- Mycology (Study of Fungi)
- Paleobotany (Study of Plant Remains)
- Horticulture (Art and Science of Growing Plants)
- Bryology (Study of Bryophytes)
- Ethnobotany (study of the interrelation between humans and plants)
- Agronomy (deals with field crop production and soil management)
Zoology:
- Entomology (study of insects and their relationship to humans)
- Ichthyology (study of fishes)
- Ornithology (study of birds)
- Herpetology (study of amphibians and reptiles)
- Anatomy (study of body structures of living things)
- Physiology (the way the body of a living organism works)
Microbiology:
- Bacteriology (study of bacteria)
- Mycology (study of fungi)
- Protozoology (study of protozoans)
- Phycology (study of algae)
- Nematology (study of nematodes)
- Immunology (study of immune systems of organisms)
What is the building blocks of biosphere?
Atom (The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically)
Molecule (a group of 2 or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds)
Organelle (specialized structures within the cell that perform a specific function)
Cell (the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life)
Organ (made up of cells and tissues that perform a specific function in the body)
Organ System (group of organs that work together in the body to perform a particular function or of a specific purpose..such as the DG)
Organism (Any living thing thing that functions as an individual)
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
Definition of Cell
The smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. It has three main parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm
Say something about Robert Hooke
- He used a compound microscope to observe cork
- Thenhe observed that cork is composed of small, hollow, compartments
- This made him to promptly think of the small rooms (cells) in a monastery: so he gave them the same name: which is CELLS!
-Investigated cork by experimenting with his compound microscope and came up with the name cells - he discovered cells in 1665 which started formulating the cell theory
Say something about Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
- he studied a new approach for creating lenses to observe cork
- Leeuwenhoek’s microscope is more powerful than Hooke’s compound microscope
- From investigating and experimenting with his microscope, Leeuwenhoek became one of the first scientists to refer to living cells, which he called “animalcules”
WHat can you say about Matthias Schleiden?
- fascinated by plant cells, he used his compound microscope to study plant cells
- upon his investigation and experimentation, he concluded that plants are made up of cells
- he discussed his observation with his dear friend; Theodor Schwann
Say something about Theodor Schwann
- he studied plant and animal cell and was intrigued by the similarities of the two
- from investigating, and experimenting with plant and animal cells, he determined that animals are made up of cells
- he published the 1st theory of Cell Theory which is “All living things are made up of cells and cell products”
Say something about Rudolf Virchow
based on his investigations and experimentations he stated that cells come from pre-existing cells, which is the 2nd part of the cell theory: all existing cells are produced by other living cells
WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE CELL THEORY?
- All organisms are composed of 1 or more cell.
- Cells come from pre-existing cells
- Cell is the basic unit of life
There are 3 main classifications of the branches of Science, identify them and arrange them from least broad to broadest.
CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, PHYSICS
Chemistry is the least broad because it is finite. Elements are finite
Biology is unconditionally finite, because we still aren’t sure if there are other life forms in other planets
Physics is infinite because it involves studying about the universe which is continuously expanding, thus, there will be an infinite amount of concepts.
Etymology of Biology
From Greek Words:
Bios - life
Logos - the study of
Thus, it is the study of life forms, and how they function in the community, how organisms with the biosphere including their structure.
Who pioneered botany
Theophrastus [Father of Botanical Science]
Who pineered Zoology?
Aristotle [Father of Biology]
Who pioneered Microbiology?
Louis Pasteur
2 Types of Fungi:
Can be seen AND Cannot be seen
The reason why there is Mycology both in Botany and Microbiology
Say something about Paleobotany
You cannot study a banana tree who just recently died because based from the definition, paleobotany deals with the study of plant remains or fossils, but it takes millions of years to be fossilized.
Horticulture
The arts and sciences of growing plants [gardening]
Say something about Bryology
It has something to do with liverworts and moses which are non-vascular plants known as “byrophytes”
[The main characteristics of non-vascular plants are theabsence of vascular tissues, the xylem, and the phloem]
Say something about Ethnobotany
Study of the interrelation of humans and plants
How does plants affect human culture?
Is it being utilized as food, medicine, seasoning, etc…
Say something about Agronomy
Study of Food Crop Production mainly for Agriculture
- broader than horticulture
- there are 3 reasons why we study Agronomy [FOOD, FUEL, FIBER]
Say something about Entomology
Has the biggest scope in Zoology because it studies everything under the category of insects
Say something about Ichthyology
The study of fishes and there are two types of fish:
Chondrichthyes: has cartilage
Osteichthyes: has bones
Say something about Ornithology
Study of birds and there are two types of birds:
Flightless birds (ratites)
Flying birds
