questions before midterm

Question 1

a lymph vessel within each villus

Answer 1

A lacteal

Question 2

Which of the following substances has the lowest pH?

Tomatoes

Household ammonia

Milk

Gastric juice

Answer 2

Gastric juice

Question 3

Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Heart

Spleen

Tongue

Bladder

Answer 3

Tongue

Question 4

chylomicron

Answer 4

transports lipids in the bloodstream

Question 5

The stomach secretes _______.

Multiple Choice

salivary amylase

hydrochloric acid

bile

Answer 5

hydrochloric acid

Question 6

helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract

Answer 6

Peristalsis

Question 7

Melanie has chronic constipation. Which of the following recommendations is NOT an effective way of alleviating constipation?

Following the same routine each day for having a bowel movement

Ignoring normal urges to defecate, which “trains” the bowel to eliminate feces when it is most convenient

Eating more high-fiber foods, including whole grain breads and cereals

Increasing water intake

Answer 7

Ignoring normal urges to defecate, which “trains” the bowel to eliminate feces when it is most convenient

Question 8

Where is sucrase found in the human body?

Answer 8

On the microvilli of the small intestine

Question 9

In simple terms, sucrase _______

forms a disaccharide from a monosaccharide

joins glucose and fructose together to form sucrose

breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

breaks sucrose into hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon atoms

Answer 9

breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

Question 10

hydrochloric acid

Answer 10

produced by stomach

is important for the digestion of protein

Question 11

The pyloric sphincter

Answer 11

controls the rate at which the watery food mixture leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

Question 12

The term gastric refers to what

Answer 12

the stomach

Question 13

Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make maltose?

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make sucrose?

Answer 14

fructose

Question 15

Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make galactose?

Answer 15

lactose

Question 16

insulin

Answer 16

attempts to shuttle blood sugar into your cells when blood sugar rises

Question 17

increases glycogen breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar

Answer 17

epinephrine

Question 18

glucagon

Answer 18

released by pancreas stimulates breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose

Question 19

In people with type 1 diabetes who are not being treated for the condition, blood sugar levels remain high for several hours after eating a meal because their _______.

body’s cells resist the action of insulin

pancreas does not make and release insulin

parathyroid glands are not functioning properly

liver releases too much insulin

Answer 19

pancreas does not make and release insulin

Question 20

Jennifer is not aware that she has type 2 diabetes. Her blood sugar level remains high after a meal because her _______.

intestinal cells are damaged

pancreas releases too much insulin

body does not store enough glycogen to meet her needs

cells do not respond to insulin

Answer 20

cells do not respond to insulin

Question 21

The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes _______.

a high glycemic index diet

insulin, usually by injecting the hormone into the body

glucagon pills, which are taken after meals and snacks

a “Western” diet

Answer 21

insulin, usually by injecting the hormone into the body

Question 22

Insulin _______.

prevents cells from taking in glucose

allows cells to take in glucose

breaks down glucose in the blood

releases glucose from cells

Answer 22

allows cells to take in glucose

Question 23

Plants need certain substances and conditions to make carbohydrates. Of the following substances and conditions, select all those that are needed for plants to make carbohydrates.

Water

Sunlight

Carbon monoxide

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Phosphorus

Answer 23

Water

Sunlight

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Phosphorus

Question 24

diverticulitis

Answer 24

when you get diverticula

Question 25

Insoluble fiber _______. is in beef and pork dissolves or swells in water is in whole-grain products, including brown rice increases the risk of heart disease

Answer 25

is in whole-grain products, including brown rice

Question 26

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that breaks down lactose? Galactose Salivary amylase Lactase Lactic acid

Answer 26

Lactase

Question 27

Which of the following structures stores triglycerides in the form of fat droplets? Gallbladder Adipose cell Adrenal gland Ileum

Answer 27

Adipose cell

Question 28

Transports cholesterol from cells to the liver which triglyceride is it?

Answer 28

HDL

Question 29

Carries most of the cholesterol in the bloodstream and transports cholesterol to cells

Answer 29

LDL

Question 30

Contains only about 15% of the cholesterol in the bloodstream but carries the largest share of the triglycerides

Answer 30

VLDL

Question 31

Damaged LDL that is taken up by the arterial cells and forms plaque

Answer 31

Oxidized LDL

Question 32

Carries absorbed dietary lipids away from the intestinal tract

Answer 32

Chylomicron

Question 33

an emulsifier

Answer 33

a compound that can suspend fat in water

Question 34

Lipids have many functions in the body as well as in foods. Select all of the statements that are true Essential fatty acids must be supplied by food. Subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm. Phospholipids are the “building blocks” for various proteins in the body. Phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes. Phospholipids such as lecithin serve as antioxidants in foods. Cholesterol is used to make certain hormones. Triglycerides supply 7 kcal/g. Cholesterol provides 9 kcal/g.

Answer 34

Essential fatty acids must be supplied by food. Subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm. Phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes. Cholesterol is used to make certain hormones.

Question 35

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of _______ fatty acids. unsaturated saturated polyunsaturated monounsaturated

Answer 35

saturated

Question 36

Lipoproteins _______. are water-insoluble transport lipids in the bloodstream contain glucose are toxic to cells

Answer 36

transport lipids in the bloodstream

Question 37

Homocysteine is a(n) _______. form of folate lipid that lowers blood pressure possible marker for cardiovascular disease essential amino acid

Answer 37

possible marker for cardiovascular disease