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BIO131L > QUIZ 1 > Flashcards

QUIZ 1 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

All life is divided into three Domains:

A

Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya

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2
Q

Archaea and Bacteria

A

tiny, microscopic prokaryotes lacking a nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles

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3
Q

extremophiles (archaen)

A

live and thrive under environmental conditions too extreme for other
organisms. two ex. halo and thermophiles

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4
Q

Halophiles

A

survive high salt concentrations, they require them

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5
Q

Halobacterium

A

may be rod or cocci shape and pink/dark red. need high salinity environment to thrive

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6
Q

Thermophiles

A

such as Pyrococcus, thrive at high temperatures around 90°C.

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7
Q

“Methanogens

A

anaerobes producing methane gas, found in swamp gas.”

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8
Q

Bacteria

A

diverse prokaryotes with significant environmental impacts, roles as recyclers, pathogens, and symbiotic partners

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9
Q

heterotrophs (bacteria)

A

deriving energy from pre-existing complex molecules.

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10
Q

Autotrophs (bacteria)

A

chemoautotrophs (create organic compounds from chemical reactions) and photoautotrophs (sunlight to atp) create their own energy.

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11
Q

coccus

A

spherical shape

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12
Q

bacillus

A

rod shaped

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13
Q

spirillum

A

spiral shape, s shape

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14
Q

diplo

A

two cells together

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15
Q

strepto

A

chain of cells

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16
Q

staphylo

A

cluster of cells

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17
Q

Bacterial species are named using

A

binomial nomenclature. name of the genus comes first and is
capitalized.

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18
Q

Gram stain

A

distinguishes bacteria based on cell wall characteristics. staining method helps in identifying and treating bacterial infections.

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19
Q

Gram-positive

A

stain purple

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20
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

single or pair rod shaped, gram negative, causes pnuemonia

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20
Q

Gram-negative

A

stain pink

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21
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

pair of cocci (diplo), negative, causes meningitis

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22
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

single rod shaped, negative, infections

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23
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

single or chain of rods, positive, spores/anthrax

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24
Staphylococcus epidermidis
clusters of cocci, positive, infections
25
Oscillatoria
a filamentous cyanobacterium consisting of a long chain of squarish cells.
26
cyanobacteria
capable of converting solar energy into carbon compounds usable for ATP production, cyan color
27
Anabaena
Photosynthetic cyanobacterium with heterocysts, mutualistic relationship with the water fern, Azolla,
28
heterocysts
take atmospheric nitrogen and turn it into water soluble nitrate that can be taken up by plant roots.
29
dependent variable
what is measured to show the outcome
30
independent variable
variable you are testing
31
Domain Eukarya
(organisms with a nucleus and membrane-bound internal organelle
32
Excavate clade
Parabasalids and Euglenozoans, Excavate cells have a feeding groove on one side of the cell. They are all related through DNA evidence,
32
four Supergroups in Domain Eukarya.
Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta
33
Parabasalid Clade of Excavata
flagellated and have a parabasal body comprised of densely packed Golgi bodies, reduced mitochondria, anaerobes, either parasitic, mutualistic or commensal symbionts.
34
Trichonympha (ex. of parabasalid)
obligate mutualistic symbiont in termite intestines, digests wood and has a large nucleus with many flagella.
35
Euglenozoan Clade of Excavata
diverse clade of predatory heterotrophs, photoautotrophs and parasites,rod within the flagella, subgroups are the Kinetoplastids and the Euglenids
36
Kinetoplastid Subclade of Euglenozoa
one large mitochondrion with a disk-like mass of DNA called a kinetoplast, free living or parasitic
37
Trypanosoma cruzi (kinetoplastid seen in this)
causative agent of African Sleeping Sickness, kinetoplast may be seen near the origin of the flagellum.
38
Euglenid subclade of Euglenozoa
two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell, have a pellicle that allows them very flexible movement
39
Supergroup SAR
Stramenopiles, Alveolates and Rhizaria
40
The Stramenopile Clade
two flagella, one short and one long with hairlike bristles.
41
Diatom subclade of Stramenopiles
unicellular phytoplankton with perforated silica cell walls, major producers in the planktonic community, pennate (slender, bilaterally symmetrical) and centric (like a wheel) shapes, looks golden
42
Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) subclade of Stramenopiles
are multicellular, mostly marine. no tissue organization, Fucoxanthin gives them brown color, Store excess glucose as laminaran
43
Fucus and Laminaria
blade, stipe, and holdfast Airbladders aid in floating, while holdfasts anchor them
44
Ciliate subclade of Alveolates
cilia for movement and feeding Predatory in nature
44
The Alveolate Clade
small vesicles (alveoli) under the plasma membrane, diverse group consisting of photoautotrophs and heterotrophs
45
Plasmodium falciparum (apicomplexan subclade)
causes malaria
45
Paramecium
common ciliate. Paramecia have a large macronucleus that controls cell metabolism and a micronucleus fo reproduction
46
Zoochlorella symbionts
visible inside the cells of Paramecium bursaria
47
Dinoflagellate subclade of Alveolates
Enclosed in cellulose plates Have two flagella causing spinning motion, produce a neurotoxin that is harmful to vertebrates and invertebrates
48
Apicomplexan subclade of Alveolates
Intracellular parasites infecting most animal species, Transmission via mosquitoes as disease vectors
49
The Rhizarian Clade
fine pseudopodia Some amoeboid, others flagellated non-amoeboids, Unification by DNA evidence
49
Foraminiferan subclade
forming calcium carbonate shells (tests), fresh water and marine environments
50
Aerobe
require oxygen for respiration and survival
51
Anaerobe
do not require oxygen for survival
52
Mutualistic Symbiosis:
Both organisms involved benefit from the relationship.
53
Parasitic Symbiosis
One organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other organism (the host), which is harmed.
54
Obligate
require a specific environmental condition to survive.
55
Commensal Symbiosis
One organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped
56
Facultative
Organisms that can survive in multiple conditions but prefer one.
57
Trichonympha and Termite Relationship
termite is the host, and Trichonympha (a type of protozoan) is the symbiont, Trichonympha helps the termite digest cellulose from wood, a mutually beneficial relationship

BIO131L (5 decks)

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