Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO131L > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

(161 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Hydra Vulgaris?

A

A freshwater cnidarian known for its regenerative properties and relevance in studies of tissue differentiation and cellular processes.

Hydra Vulgaris is utilized in research due to its ability to regenerate from small tissue fragments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is Hydra Vulgaris significant in scientific research?

A

It contributes to studies in regeneration, developmental biology, aging, and human health.

Its regenerative abilities provide insights into cellular health and aging, which parallels human biology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the major germ layers in embryonic development?

A

Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

These layers give rise to various tissues and organs in animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define cephalization.

A

The concentration of sensory organs and nervous system components in the head region.

This process is significant in the evolution of complex animal forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the spongocoel?

A

The central cavity in sponges where water flows in.

It plays a crucial role in the sponge’s feeding and respiratory processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three types of sponge body forms?

A

Asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid.

Each type varies in complexity and structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is mesoglea?

A

A jelly-like layer found between the epidermis and gastrodermis in cnidarians.

This layer provides support and buoyancy to the organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the blank: The process where the blastula reorganizes into two layers of gastrula is called _______.

A

gastrulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a planula?

A

A ciliated form of cnidarians.

It is an early larval stage in the life cycle of cnidarians.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: Hydra is a solitary species.

A

True

While some cnidarians are colonial, Hydra typically exists as a solitary organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What characterizes the Hydrozoa clade?

A

Includes solitary and colonial species like Hydra and Obelia.

This clade exhibits diverse forms and life cycles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of spicules do Hexactinellida sponges have?

A

Six-pointed (triaxon) silica spicules.

These sponges are also referred to as glass sponges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a gemmule?

A

A survival structure in sponges, often clustered within a spicule shell.

Gemmules are important for asexual reproduction and survival in harsh conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the term ‘strobila’ refer to in cnidarians?

A

A stage in the life cycle where the polyp produces free-swimming medusae.

This is part of the asexual reproduction process in certain cnidarians.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the significance of the clade Anthozoa?

A

Includes sea anemones and corals, exhibiting radial symmetry and small polyps.

This clade plays a crucial role in marine ecosystems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the primary function of the digestive system that originates from the endoderm germ layer?

A

It evolved from no digestive system to a complete digestive system in animals.

This evolution reflects the complexity of animal anatomy and physiology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the three clades of Phylum Cnidaria mentioned.

A
  • Hydrozoa
  • Scyphozoa
  • Anthozoa

Each clade contains distinct organisms with unique characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Animalia (Metazoa) clade

A

division of the Opisthokonta. Animals are a
monophyletic group of multicellular, aerobic, diploid, heterotrophic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Level of organization

A

cellular –> tissue –> organ –> organ system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

evolution cells organized into tissue layers

A

first two (diploblastic)
then three layers (triploblastic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Animals at the next level of evolution (diploblastic) have how many germ layers

A

2 endoderm and ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many germ layers do triploblastic have

A

All 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ectoderm

A

Forms skin and nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Endoderm

A

Forms digestive and respiratory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Mesoderm
Forms bone muscles and blood
26
Cnidaria are
Diploblastic
27
The bilateria are
Triploblastic
28
Incomplete digestive system
Mouth only
29
Complete digestive system
Mouth and anus
30
Animals that have no cavity around their organs
Acoelomate
31
Animals that have body cavity surrounded with mesoderm
Coelomate
32
Sessile
Immobile, sponged but have motile larvae
33
Sponges are
mostly asymmetrical no germ layers, no body cavity several types of cells: o an outer layer of "epidermal" cells for protection o an inner layer of choanocytes (collar cells) used to create a current for feeding. o Between these two layers are amoebocytes
34
Spicules and spongin are the structural support of
Sponges
35
a unique characteristic of the Porifera
Spicules or demospongin as suppor
36
Asconoid sponges
e simplest sponge body form. It consists of an outer layer of epidermal cells and an inner layer of choanocytes with amoebocytes sandwiched in between
37
Syconoid body forms
side walls that have wave-like folds forming incurrent and radial canals, but a single spongocoel and osculum. Scypha (Grantia) is a syconoid sponge.
38
Leuconoid sponges have
complex system of chambers lined with collar cells, and canals that empty into an osculum. Typical bath sponges are leuconoid sponges that often have many oscula.
39
Calcarea
spicules made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3.). All three body forms are found in this group. Scypha (Grantia) is a syconoid sponge in the Calcarea
40
Hexactinellida, or “glass sponges,
lacy skeleton out of 6-pointed (triaxon) silicon spicules
41
Flagellated choanocytes provide the glass sponge what
supply the sponge with food and aeration. This sponge form a mutualistic relationship with spongicola shrimp. A pair of shrimp enter the sponge when they are larvae.
42
Demospongia contains
vast majority of sponges including many freshwater and commercial marine sponges.
43
spongin,
silica spicules, a network of protein fibers
44
Cnidaria have
They also have stinging cells called nematocysts in their tentacles and a nerve net that weaves through the epidermal layer
45
Eumetazoa embryonic development
zygote divides mitotically into a solid ball of cells (cleavage stages.) That ball of cells hollows out into a blastula. One side of the blastula rolls in to form a two-layered gastrula with an outer ectoderm, an inner endoderm, and an opening into the open gut called the blastopore.
46
Cnidarians have 2 tissue layers
an epidermis and a gastrodermis
47
A mouth forms from the
Blastopore
48
The Anthozoa “Class-level” Clade
Anthozoans are large-bodied polyps. There is no medusa stage. Corals, sea fans, and sea anemones are anthozoans
49
Scyphozoans
Truejellyfish
50
Obelia
colonial hydrozoan. Many feeding polyps exist on one branching organism. There are also reproductive polyps that produce tiny medusae by asexual means.
51
Hydrozoa “Class-level” Clade
small, slender polyp or medusa body form Portuguese man of war
52
protostomes, the blastopore becomes
the mouth at the anterior end
53
deuterostomes, the anus forms in
the region of the blastopore at the posterior end
54
The Protostomia can be divided into two subgroups
Lophotrochozoa and the Ecdysozoa.
55
The Lophotrochozoa have either
either trochophore larvae or ciliated structures around the mouth called lophophores
56
Ecdysozoans shed their
outside cuticle or shell.
57
Annelids are the
Segmented worms
58
Annelid characteristics are
Triploblastic  Organ system level of organization  Bilateral symmetry  Coelomate – true coelom body cavity bounded by mesoderm on all sides  Complete digestive system with a mouth and anus  Cephalization  Segmentation – repeating body parts allowing specialization  Possess a closed circulatory system  Setae, paired bristle-like appendages made of chitin, are found in most annelids
59
The Oligochaete “Subclass” has
as few setae and includes the earthworm.
60
The Polychaete “Class” has
as many setae and includes the marine worms.
61
The Hirudinea “Subclass,” the leeches, are
re highly specialized and have no seta
62
The clitellum is used in
Mating
63
What is the Longfin Inshore Squid used for in research?
The Longfin Inshore Squid is a model organism particularly used for neuroscience research due to its large axons.
64
What significant discoveries have been made using the Longfin Inshore Squid?
Discoveries about nerve cell function, synaptic transmission, and neuronal signaling similar to human biology.
65
Why is the Longfin Inshore Squid practical for experimental studies?
It has a short generation time and is easy to manage in laboratory settings.
66
In which fields has research on the Longfin Inshore Squid advanced our understanding?
Neurobiology, physiology, and evolutionary biology.
67
What evolutionary insights does the Longfin Inshore Squid provide?
It highlights evolutionary similarities in neurobiology fields and advances our understanding of invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems.
68
How has research on the Longfin Inshore Squid benefited human health?
It has contributed to developing medical treatments for nerve damage and neurological disorders.
69
What is a triploblastic gastrula?
Mesoderm cells that arise from the endoderm in the space between the ectoderm and the endoderm.
70
What is bilateria?
A clade of bilaterally symmetrical animals, separated into two clades: the Protostomia and the Deuterostomia.
71
What distinguishes a protostome?
The blastopore becomes the mouth at the anterior end.
72
What distinguishes a deuterostome?
The anus forms in the region of the blastopore at the posterior end.
73
What is a blastopore?
An opening into the gut.
74
What are lophotrochozoa?
Organisms that have either trochophore larvae or ciliated structures around the mouth called lophophores.
75
What is a trochophore?
Diamond-shaped larvae with two bands of cilia.
76
What is ecdysozoa?
Organisms that shed their outside cuticle or shell.
77
What is an acoelomate?
An organism where the mesoderm is solid and no body cavity exists.
78
What is a coelomate?
An organism with a body cavity surrounded on all sides by mesoderm.
79
What is a eucoelomate?
An organism with a body cavity bounded on only one side by mesoderm.
80
What is a typhosole?
An adaptation in the intestine that increases surface area to break down a mainly herbivorous diet.
81
What are chaetae?
Long setae bundled together into bristle-like structures.
82
What is the function of the clitellum?
It forms a mucous coating over both worms while they each release sperm.
83
What is a seminal receptacle?
The structure where sperm is stored.
84
What is a seminal vesicle?
The structure where sperm is produced.
85
What is a cocoon in the context of earthworms?
A structure that forms around each worm where stored sperm is released along with eggs.
86
What is a parapodium?
Lateral leafy appendages with chaetae on each segment.
87
What is an eversible pharynx?
An adaptation equipped with sharp jaws to capture prey, mainly small fish.
88
What is the muscular foot in mollusks used for?
Movement.
89
What is the mantle's function?
Aids in respiration, mostly by gills, and excretion by kidneys.
90
What is a radula?
A structure that scrapes food as the foot glides in gastropoda.
91
What is the visceral mass?
Located above the foot, inside the shell of gastropoda.
92
What are ctenidia?
Also known as comb gills, used for feeding and gas exchange.
93
What is the umbo in clams?
The central part of clams.
94
What is the function of the adductor muscle in clams?
Holds the valves of the clamshell shut.
95
What are labial palps?
Structures that draw food into the mouth of clams.
96
What is a pen in cephalopods?
Remnants of a shell.
97
What is the function of a siphon in cephalopods?
Allows cephalopoda to swim by jet propulsion.
98
What is the function of an auricle in cephalopods?
Senses chemicals in the water.
99
What is a gastrovascular cavity?
An incomplete digestive system with only one opening for mouth/anus.
100
What is a complex life cycle?
Life cycles that require an intermediate and final host.
101
What is an intermediate host?
Fleas, mice, rats, and rabbits can be intermediate hosts that help tapeworms complete their life cycle.
102
What is a scolex?
A specialized structure containing hooks and suckers at the anterior end for attachment to the host's intestinal wall.
103
What is a proglottid?
A segment filled with sexual reproductive organs following the scolex.
104
What is the branching gastrovascular cavity in an organism?
It refers to the intestine of the organism.
105
What are the main components of the digestive system in the organism?
Mouth, pharynx, and anus.
106
What is the function of the nerve cord in the nervous system?
It transmits signals throughout the body.
107
What is the significance of the ganglion in the nervous system?
It acts as a brain for processing information.
108
What is the Phylum of segmented worms?
Annelida.
109
What are the three classes of Phylum Annelida?
Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, and Hirudinea.
110
What is a characteristic of Oligochaeta?
Visible segmentation along its body for flexible movement.
111
What is a preserved specimen of Oligochaeta?
Lumbricus terrestris (earthworm).
112
What muscles are visible in the prepared slide of Lumbricus terrestris?
Circular and longitudinal muscles.
113
What is a characteristic of Polychaeta?
Has bristled parapodia for swimming.
114
What is a preserved specimen of Polychaeta?
Nereis virens (sandworm/clamworm).
115
What structures are visible in the prepared slide of Nereis virens?
Bristle-like structures that help with sensory processes.
116
What is a characteristic of Hirudinea?
They have suckers at both ends.
117
What is a preserved specimen of Hirudinea?
A leech.
118
What can be seen in the prepared slide of a leech?
A muscular pharynx and storage pouches.
119
What is the Phylum of snails, slugs, clams, and cephalopods?
Mollusca.
120
What class includes snails and slugs?
Gastropoda.
121
What is a characteristic of Gastropoda?
Has a coiled shell and muscular foot.
122
What is a preserved specimen of Bivalvia?
Mercenaria mercenaria (quahog).
123
What are the features of Bivalvia?
Two hinged shells and gills.
124
What class includes squid, octopus, and nautilus?
Cephalopoda.
125
What is a preserved specimen of Cephalopoda?
Loligo pealeii (squid).
126
What is the Phylum of flatworms?
Platyhelminthes.
127
What class includes marine and freshwater planaria?
Turbellaria.
128
What is a characteristic of Turbellaria?
Flattened body with eyespots.
129
What is a prepared slide of Turbellaria?
Planaria, whole mount.
130
How do live Planaria move?
By gliding.
131
What class includes parasitic flukes?
Trematoda.
132
What is a prepared slide of a Trematoda?
Clonorchis sinensis, whole mount.
133
What is the branching gastrovascular cavity in an organism?
It refers to the intestine of the organism.
134
What are the main components of the digestive system in the organism?
Mouth, pharynx, and anus.
135
What is the function of the nerve cord in the nervous system?
It transmits signals throughout the body.
136
What is the significance of the ganglion in the nervous system?
It acts as a brain for processing information.
137
What is the Phylum of segmented worms?
Annelida.
138
What are the three classes of Phylum Annelida?
Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, and Hirudinea.
139
What is a characteristic of Oligochaeta?
Visible segmentation along its body for flexible movement.
140
What is a preserved specimen of Oligochaeta?
Lumbricus terrestris (earthworm).
141
What muscles are visible in the prepared slide of Lumbricus terrestris?
Circular and longitudinal muscles.
142
What is a characteristic of Polychaeta?
Has bristled parapodia for swimming.
143
What is a preserved specimen of Polychaeta?
Nereis virens (sandworm/clamworm).
144
What structures are visible in the prepared slide of Nereis virens?
Bristle-like structures that help with sensory processes.
145
What is a characteristic of Hirudinea?
They have suckers at both ends.
146
What is a preserved specimen of Hirudinea?
A leech.
147
What can be seen in the prepared slide of a leech?
A muscular pharynx and storage pouches.
148
What is the Phylum of snails, slugs, clams, and cephalopods?
Mollusca.
149
What class includes snails and slugs?
Gastropoda.
150
What is a characteristic of Gastropoda?
Has a coiled shell and muscular foot.
151
What is a preserved specimen of Bivalvia?
Mercenaria mercenaria (quahog).
152
What are the features of Bivalvia?
Two hinged shells and gills.
153
What class includes squid, octopus, and nautilus?
Cephalopoda.
154
What is a preserved specimen of Cephalopoda?
Loligo pealeii (squid).
155
What is the Phylum of flatworms?
Platyhelminthes.
156
What class includes marine and freshwater planaria?
Turbellaria.
157
What is a characteristic of Turbellaria?
Flattened body with eyespots.
158
What is a prepared slide of Turbellaria?
Planaria, whole mount.
159
How do live Planaria move?
By gliding.
160
What class includes parasitic flukes?
Trematoda.
161
What is a prepared slide of a Trematoda?
Clonorchis sinensis, whole mount.

BIO131L (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions