Quiz 1

Question 1

Ocean Chemistry is a balance between inputs and outputs

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Seawater salinity, which is/are true?
The most abundant dissolved in seawater is Cl
The element sodium is preset in table salt and it is dissolved in seawater
The salinity of ocean surface water is generally higher than that of deep-water
All of the above
A and B

Answer 2

A and B

Question 3

Which of the following are true:
Evaporation reduces the salinity of water
The average salinity of seawater is 70 ppt
Mineral deposits, such as halite and gypsum represent outputs for chemicals in the ocean
The geochemical cycle includes wash, spin, and rinse
B and C

Answer 3

Mineral deposits, such as halite and gypsum represent outputs for chemicals in the ocean

Question 4

Solubility of Gases in Seawater
Gases dissolve more readily in warmer water
Cold freshwater can dissolve more gas than warm saltwater
Fishes need oxygen to live and they get that by breaking O molecules from H20
A and B
B and C

Answer 4

Cold freshwater can dissolve more gas than warm saltwater

Question 5

The concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater is, in part, determined by:
The water temperature
The water salinity
The relative amount of respiration 
The relative amount of photosynthesis
All of the above

Answer 5

All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following are correct associations

with halocline, pycnocline. thermocline

Answer 6

Salinity and halocline, density and pycnocline, and temperature and thermocline

Question 7

Which of the following is/are correct?
If more solar energy is retained by Earth than reflected or reradiated, Earth’s atmosphere will be warm
On average, about 30% of incoming solar radiation is reflected back to space without an impact on Earth surface temperature
The sun radiates mostly shortwave energy (visible light) whereas the Earth radiates long-wave energy (infrared)
So called green house gases absorb long-wave energy in the atmosphere and cause temperature to increase
All of the above

Answer 7

All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct?
Incoming energy from the sun is primary means of heating tropics
Heat transfer from low to high latitudes plays an important role in the pattern of ocean currents and large scale winds
Ocean currents and winds transfer heat from low to high latitudes
All of the above
None of the above

Answer 8

All of the above

Question 9

Why is there generally low pressure over the equator and high pressure at 30N and 30S?
Lots of solar energy reaches the equator and warms up the air, causing it to rise
The equator receives a surplus of energy of energy relative to polar regions, and this causes winds, in the upper atmosphere, that blow North and South away from the equator
Downward winds at 30N and 30S cause high pressure below them
All of the above
A and C

Answer 9

All of the above

Question 10

Why don’t the Tropics boil and the poles freeze over?
Heat is transferred from the tropics to the poles
Heat is received only in the tropics and not at the poles
Polar regions do not radiate heat
All of the above
None of the above

Answer 10

Heat is transferred from the tropics to the poles

Question 11

Solar energy received at Earth’s surface is high in the zones centered around about 20N and S because:
It is always summer there
These areas are generally clear and not covered by clouds
High pressure forms at the equator
All of the above
A and C

Answer 11

These areas are generally clear and not covered by clouds

Question 12

1) Nearly all of Earth’s surface water is contained in: 
a) The oceans

b) Rivers, glaciers and ice caps 

c) Holding tanks at the Pepsi Bottling Company in Marion, Illinois

Answer 12

The oceans

Question 13

The oceans represent far less water than the water (H2O) that is bound to minerals in Earth’s interior

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Water on Earth (and hence ocean water) most likely formed: 
a) During the first 0.5 x 10^9 (half billion) years of Earth’s history

b) From emission (degassing) of volatiles from Earth’s interior 

c) From melting of glaciers and polar ice caps
d) (a) and (c) 

e) (a) and (b)

Answer 14

A and B

Question 15

The Scientific method:

a) is a belief based approach 

b) is an empirical approach based on observations and facts

c) leads to Laws and Theories that do not change 
d) can only be used by licensed scientists

e) none of the above

Answer 15

is an empirical approach based on observations and facts 


Question 16

It is easier to prove a theory or hypothesis than it is to disprove a theory or hypothesis.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

The “Goldilocks Principle,” in part, suggests that Earth has 
just the right position in the solar system to allow retention 
of liquid water and habitability for life.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

The course web site has an article about a violent storm in 1992 that tossed 20 containers of rubber duckies overboard

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Extreme variation in the ocean's temperature is prevented by water's
a) density.

b) transparency.

c) viscosity.

d) heat capacity.

e) compressibility.

Answer 19

heat capacity

Question 20

Key physical properties of water include:

a) viscosity, which is a measure of the mass per unit volume of water.

b) surface tension, which is the property that makes water form into droplets when it’s raining.

c) heat capacity, which is a measure of the heat required to change the temperature of water.

d) none of the above

e) b & c.

Answer 20

b and c

Question 21

Latent heat is the

a) energy required to change ice to liquid water

b) energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celcius

c) important in energy transfer from the ocean to atmosphere

d) energy required to heat liquid water from 10 to 100 degrees

e) (a) and (c)

Answer 21

energy required to change ice to liquid water


Question 22

Heat capacity is a measure of the temperature of water

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Land heats and cools more rapidly than bodies of water.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Latent heat is

a) the energy need to change the phase of a substance (i.e. ice to liquid water)
b) the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celcius
c) not important in energy transfer to hurricanes.
d) energy used in heating water from 0-100 deg. C

Answer 24

the energy need to change the phase of a substance (i.e. ice to liquid water)

Question 25

It takes more heat to warm up water than it does to warm up rocks and soil (Earth).

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The latent heat of fusion (melting) for water is 80 cal per gram. How much heat energy is required to melt 10 grams of ice? a) 80 calories b) 540 calories c) 800 calories d) 54 calories e) 5400 calories

Answer 26

800 calories

Question 27

The density of liquid water is: a) constant, independent of temp. over the range 0-100 deg. C b) higher than that of ice, which is why ice floats in water c) lower than that of ice, which is why ice sinks in water d) (a) and (b) e) none of the above

Answer 27

a and b

Question 28

``` Seawater salinity is a) 35 ppt on average b) 35 g/kg on average c) the same in all parts of the world ocean d) (a) and (b) none of the above ```

Answer 28

a and b

Question 29

One important connection between seawater chemistry and Earth's surface is rock weathering.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The chemistry of ocean water is the same as river water.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Seawater salinity is the same in all parts of the world ocean.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

``` The water cycle involves 
a) evaporation. 
b) precipitation.
 c) condensation.
 d) all of the above.
 e) none of the above. ```

Answer 32

All of the above

Question 33

I know everything covered in Water Cycle Jump (hint: make sure that you can answer T!)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Ocean chemistry is influenced by
 a) inputs such as river water and volcanic gases.
 b) outputs such as evaporates and interaction of seawater with the seafloor. 
c) rock weathering
 d) marine life including plants and animals
 e) all of the above.


Answer 34

all of the above

Question 35

Residence time of an element in seawater can be calculated from the total amount of the element and the input rate.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

A water molecule may evaporate from the ocean, become part of a cloud and then become a rain drop that becomes part of a river and flows back into the Ocean. The average "residence" time for a molecule to make this trip is ~ 4,000 years.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

The residence time of an element in seawater is an indication of how rapidly it is cycled. Long residence times indicate low demand and/or infrequent precipitation as a mineral.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Gases dissolve more readily in cold seawater than in warm seawater.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The ocean is 
a) well mixed and has the same temperature at all depths
 b) stratified into layers, such that shallow water has different properties than deep water. 
c) well mixed and has the same density at all depths
 d) (a) and (c) 
e) none of the above


Answer 39

stratified into layers, such that shallow water has different properties than deep water.

Question 40

Marine animals break down water molecules to obtain O2

Answer 40

False

Question 41

The density of seawater
 a) decreases as it cools from 30 deg C to 5 deg C.
b) increases as salinity decreases from 35 to 33 ppt.
 c) is minimum at 4 deg C, independent of salinity.
d) increases as temperature falls and salinity rises.


Answer 41

increases as temperature falls and salinity rises.


Question 42

Freshwater reaches maximum density at the freezing point.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Sigma_t is a measure of 
a) salinity. 
b) density.
 c) temperature.


Answer 43

Density

Question 44

The ocean is stratified (layered) with the densest water on top and less dense water below.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Which of the following is/are true about residence time for an element in seawater.
 A. It can be calculated from the total amount of the element present in coral reefs .
B. It can be calculated from the amount in Earth's interior.
 C. It is given by the ratio of the total amount of the element in seawater divided by the input rate. 
D. None of the above.

Answer 45

It is given by the ratio of the total amount of the element in seawater divided by the input rate.

Question 46

The thermocline, halocline, and pycnocline
 a) are unrelated
 b) are names for the region between surface water and deep water 
c) refer to changes in temperature, salinity and density. 
d) (b) and (c)


Answer 46

b and c

Question 47

There is more dissolved carbon dioxide in deepwater of the ocean than in ocean's surface waters because: 
a. Photosynthesis occurs primarily in deepwater 
b. Organisms that respire produce CO2 in deep water 
c. Photosynthesis in surface water uses C02 
 d. Deepwater is colder than shallow water and the solubility of CO2 is higher for colder water. 
e. All but a

Answer 47

all but a