Quiz 1 Flashcards
0
Q
Empirical
A
- dealing with how/what we know
1
Q
Intersubjectivity
A
- Where observations are transmissible/replicable
- Transmissible: clearly stating all steps it took to reach a given conclusion
- Replicable: able to get the same result
2
Q
Normative
A
- dealing with how we should use the knowledge we have
3
Q
Qualitative
A
- Pertaining to the/a quality (e.g. colour)
4
Q
Quantitative
A
- Pertaining to the quantity of a thing (e.g. how much?)
5
Q
Operationalization
A
- Moving from the conceptual (thinking about a problem) level to an operational level (deciding how to solve a problem)
6
Q
Generalizability
A
- To be able to generalize findings to a greater majority with confidence that the they will remain accurate
7
Q
Theory
A
- a set of propositions that are logically related to one another
- theories draw together concepts by stating relationships between them
8
Q
Induction
A
- Going from evidence to a wider abstract conclusion
ex: The Republicans in Middletown are all conservative, therefore, All Republicans are conservative
9
Q
Deduction
A
- Going from an abstract assumptions to predictions
ex: Republicans attracts only conservatives, therefore, All the Republicans in Middletown will be conservative
10
Q
Concept
A
- a word or symbol that represents an idea
- abstract (concepts don’t actually exist)
- Serve two key functions
1) Tools for data gathering (‘data containers’)
2) Essential building blocks of theories
11
Q
Empirical Referents
A
- A concept must have these
- Means that we are able to directly or indirectly observe a givern characteristic of a concept
12
Q
Covariational Relationships
A
- Indicate that two or more concepts tend to change together
e. g. as one increases the other decreases
13
Q
Causal Relationships
A
- when changes in one or more concepts lead to or cause changes in one or more other concepts
14
Q
Spurious Relationship
A
- Where A and B vary together (suggesting a Causal or Covariational Relationship), but only because their change is caused by C