Quiz 1 Study Guide Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is ethnicity?
Ethnicity is a group identity that is composed of cultural origin, traditions, race, religion, and language.
What is SES?
SES (Socioeconomic Status) - A persons social class that includes education level, income, and employment status.
What is individualism?
Individualism is found in developed countries. It centers on independence from others. The people are free to choose what they study, move out, and be on their own. More effort is more success.
What is collectivism?
Collectivism is found in developing countries and the idea is group mentality. Take an example in a country where there is a young man who wants to become an engineer. The problem is in his village they will need a doctor. So to best support the group he will become a doctor to support the group (village). Even kids to drop out of school to support the family with a job is collectivism
Psychoanalytic theory stages order and when is this stage in life?
Oral-Infancy (Age 0) Anal-Toddler (Age 1 ½) Phallic (Ages 3-6) Latency (Age 6 to puberty) Genital stage (Puberty onward)
What happens in oral stage and when is this stage in life?
Oral-Infancy (Age 0)
Main pleasures come from chewing sucking and biting
What happens in anal stage and when is this stage in life?
Anal-Toddler (Age 1 ½)
Learn to poop
Elimination of pleasure
Should not be under or over controlled
What happens in Phallic stage and when is this stage in life?
Phallic (Ages 3-6)
Most important has to do with other sex parent
Fear of same sex parent and wants to replace this parent to enjoy the other sex parent otherwise known as the Oedipus complex
Solution is to overcome fear of same sex parent and desire to become like them
Psychosocial theory founder?
Erik Erikson
Stages of Psychosocial theory
Toddlerhood (12-36 months) Early Childhood (3-6 years) Middle Childhood (6-9 years) Adolescence (puberty) Early Adulthood Middle adulthood Late adulthood
What is toddlerhood’s other name and challenge?
Toddlerhood (12-36 months)
Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
Child needs to differentiate himself from others and be able to make choices
What is Early Childhood’s other name and challenge?
Early Childhood (3-6 years)
Initiative vs Guilt
Let the kid have initiative and plan activities
Strengths and criticism of Psychosocial theory
Eriksons idea that development is life long is accepted with life long changes in each stage. It also is also accepted that development is due to social and cultural basis. Many people find flaws in his proposed life stages. The only two that have generated interest is identity in adolescence and generativity in midlife.
Psychosocial connection to family
One of the first connections is in infancy where we need a trusted connection to a caregiver. Then as we grow up we prepare for a committed long term relationship for early adulthood. Middle adulthood creates the connection between the young or our children. These connections to the most immediate family are how we overcome challenges in a few stages as said before.
Ecological Theory major person?
Bronfenbrenner
Stages of ecological theory in order
Microsystem (Context) Mesosystem Exosystem Macrosystem Chronosystem
Define and give example of Microsystem
Microsystem (Context)- Immediate environment and relationships
These relationships affect each other (Friends, Parents, Teachers…. whoever we interact with normally)
Ex: Parents make decisions that affect children but children make decisions that also affect their parents. Friend’s decisions affect the child but the child selects its friends.
Define and give example of Mesosystem
Mesosystem- The connections between microsystems
Ex: If a child is abused by parents it affects other areas such as a teacher’s relationship with a child
Define and give example of Exosystem
Exosystem - The societal institutions that affect development. These are schools, institutions, and media. Such as stress from school because it’s difficult for a child.
Define and give example of Macrosystem
Macrosystem – The cultural beliefs and values, economic and governmental systems.
Ex: Saudi Arabia and Islam, America and democracy, the law systems in countries
Define and give example of Chronosystem
Chronosystem- Developmental circumstances over time. Individual and historical development included.
Individual development- Losing a job at 15 is easier than at 45.
Historical changes- baby boomers, millennials, and occupational opportunity
Strengths and criticism of ecological theory
This theory suggested that children and adolescents are active participants in their environments. It also applied the chronosystem or time events which were not done before. He, like Erikson, did not sufficiently focus on the cultural development in a child’s life span.
Family effects in the ecological theory
He also suggested in wasn’t just family that influenced behavior but many people and things. He also showed that if something happens in the Microsystem it will affect the rest of the steps. The deeper the stage the bigger the effect on the rest
bygotsky
Human interaction leads to zone of proximal development. What someone can do with assistance from a care giver.
