Quiz 1 Vocab

Question 1

presynaptic terminal

Answer 1

swelling at the end of each axon branch

Question 2

axon

Answer 2

a thin fiber of consistent diameter which conveys an impulse toward other neurons, an organ, or a muscle

Question 3

blood-brain barrier

Answer 3

mechanism that excludes most chemicals from the vertebrae brain

Question 4

dendrites

Answer 4

branching fibers on the cell that get narrower near their ends and receive information from other neurons through synaptic receptors

Question 5

glia

Answer 5

several types of cells that perform different functions such as a neuroglia

Question 6

internueron

Answer 6

a cell with its dendrites and axons entirely contained within a single structure such as an intrinsic neuron

Question 7

membrane

Answer 7

the surface of the cell such as the plasma membrane

Question 8

motor neuron

Answer 8

with its soma in the spinal cord, it receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle

Question 9

myelin sheath

Answer 9

an insulating material that covers many vertebrae axons. it is composed of fats and proteins

Question 10

neuron

Answer 10

receives information and transmits it to other cells

Question 11

nucleus

Answer 11

the structure that contains the chromosomes

Question 12

sensory neuron

Answer 12

is specialized to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation such as light, sound, touch, etc.

Question 13

thiamine

Answer 13

enables the body to process glucose such as vitamin B

Question 14

absolute refectory period

Answer 14

the period in which the membrane cannot produce another action potential regardless of the stimulation

Question 15

action potentials

Answer 15

messages sent by axons

Question 16

all-or-none law

Answer 16

is when the amplitude and velocity of an action potential are independent of the intensity of the stimulus that initiated it, provided that the stimulus reached the threshold

Question 17

electrical gradient

Answer 17

is maintaining the electrical charge between the inside and outside of the cell, such as polarization

Question 18

hyperpolarization

Answer 18

refers to the change in the charge of a neuron when a negative charge is applied to the negative potential inside the axon which creates an increase in polarization

Question 19

local neurons

Answer 19

neurons without an axon that only exchange information with their closet neighbors

Question 20

resting potential

Answer 20

the difference in voltage between the inside and outside of a cell

Question 21

sodium-potassium pump

Answer 21

a protein complex that repeatedly transports three sodium ions out of the cell while drawing two potassium ions into it

Question 22

threshold

Answer 22

a “limit” that when surpassed produces a massive depolarization of the membrane which opens the membrane’s sodium channels