Test 5

Question 1

_____ is various biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

when a body works to maintain a single value, it is called ____

Answer 2

set point

Question 3

_____ are processes that reduce discrepancies from the ____

Answer 3

negative feedback/set point

Question 4

much of our behavior anticipates a need before it occurs is known as _____

Answer 4

allostasis

Question 5

_____ is the energy used to maintain a constant body temperature while at rest

Answer 5

basal metabolism

Question 6

____ is the idea that the body temperature matches that of the environment. Select all that apply

Answer 6

• ectothermic
• poikilothermic

Question 7

______ is the use of internal physiological mechanisms to maintain an almost constant body temperature. Select all that apply

Answer 7

• endothermic
• homeothermic

Question 8

the POA/AH monitors body temperature partly by monitoring ____

Answer 8

its own temperature

Question 9

for a human body to maintain a higher temperature it requires _____

Answer 9

fuel and energy

Question 10

beyond about 105 F our body’s ______ begin to break their bonds and lose their useful properties

Answer 10

protein

Question 11

the concentration of chemicals in water determines the rate of all chemical reactions in the body, as a result, we need to maintain the water in our body within narrow limit

Answer 11

true

Question 12

our bodies conserve water by ___________. Select all that apply

Answer 12

• drinking more water
• decreasing sweat
• excreting extra water
• excreting concentrated urine

Question 13

________ results from eating salty foods. Select all that apply

Answer 13

• osmotic thirst
• drinking lots of water

Question 14

whereas _____ results from loss of fluids due to bleeding or sweating

Answer 14

hypovolemic thirst

Question 15

enzymes in the small intestine digest __________ and into the bloodstream

Answer 15

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Question 16

whereas the large intestine absorbs ________ and lubricates the remaining materials to pass as feces

Answer 16

water and minerals

Question 17

the _____________ conveys information to the brain about the stretching of the stomach walls. Choose all that apply

Answer 17

• vagus nerve
• cranial nerve x

Question 18

two pancreatic hormones, _________ regulate the flow of glucose into cells

Answer 18

• insulin and glucagon

Question 19

some of the excess glucose produced by a meal enters the liver, which converts it to ____

Answer 19

glycogen

Question 20

which of the following processes occur after a meal? Select all that apply

Answer 20

• insulin levels drop
• blood glucose levels fall
• glucose enters cells more slowly

Question 21

what happens to our body if the insulin level stays constantly high? Choose all that apply

Answer 21

• causes weight gain
• it continues rapidly moving blood glucose into the cells long after a meal
• blood glucose drops and hunger increases in spite of high insulin levels
• food is rapidly deposited as fat and glycogen

Question 22

in people with, _______ insulin levels remain constantly low, but blood glucose levels are high

Answer 22

type I diabetes

Question 23

___ chemical important in limiting food intake is called

Answer 23

melanocortin

Question 24

deficiencies of (answer from #23) receptor leads to _____

Answer 24

overeating

Question 25

what are the inhibitory transmitters of the body? Select all that apply

Answer 25

- GABA - agouti-related peptide (AgRP)

Question 26

in Pavlovian conditioning, the stimulus that automatically elicits a response is called a(n) __ stimulus

Answer 26

unconditioned

Question 27

and the stimulus that does not originally elicit a response but only does so after being paired with a stimulus that does is called a _____ stimulus

Answer 27

conditioned

Question 28

during classical conditioning, a(n) _____________ stimulus is paired with a(n) ________________ stimulus

Answer 28

neutral; unconditioned

Question 29

once a neutral stimulus turns into a conditioned stimulus, then an _______ response turns into a _________ response

Answer 29

unconditioned; conditione

Question 30

Fallon is afraid of loud sounds, like thunder. She associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder. Thus, when Fallon sees lightning, she braces herself for hearing a big boom several seconds later. Fallon has experienced a certain kind of associative learning known as ______________

Answer 30

classical conditioning

Question 31

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels. If he is successful, the neutral stimulus, the squirrel, must have been paired with a(n) ______________, such as __________

Answer 31

unconditioned stimulus; a loud noise

Question 32

the process by which a consequence of a response increases the probability of similar responses under similar circumstances is called ______

Answer 32

reinforcement

Question 33

the process by which a consequence of a response decreases the probability of similar responses under similar circumstances is called _____

Answer 33

punishment

Question 34

Lashley’s experiments showed that learning and memory rely on a single cortical area

Answer 34

false

Question 35

Lashley’s assumptions that the cerebral cortex is the best or only place to search for an engram and that studying one example of learning is equivalent to studying any other one were debunked

Answer 35

true

Question 36

the ____________ is identified as central for learning. Select all that apply

Answer 36

- LIP - lateral interpositus nucleus

Question 37

the _________ is brain damage caused by prolonged thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency that often due to ________

Answer 37

Korsakoff’s syndrome/chronic alcoholism

Question 38

some of the effects of (answer from #37) are ____

Answer 38

- leads to impaired cognitive process - impedes the brain’s ability to metabolize glucose - leads to a loss of or shrinkage of neurons in the brain

Question 39

whereas the ________ is associated with a gradually progressive loss of memory, often occurring ____

Answer 39

Alzheimer's disease/in old age

Question 40

according to our lecture, infant amnesia is most probably due to ____. Select all that apply

Answer 40

- deficiency in verbal behavior - inability in constructing complete sentences - insufficient levels of vocabulary - lack of maintenance of experiences such as talking about them