Test 3

Question 1

how far one sees is dependent on how far light travels before it strikes one’s eyes

Answer 1

true

Question 2

light enters the eye through _______

Answer 2

pupil

Question 3

light is focused by the _____ and the cornea onto the rear surface of the eye known as the ______

Answer 3

lens/retina

Question 4

light from the left side of the world strikes the right side of the retina and vice versa and the light from above strikes, the bottom half of the retina and vice versa

Answer 4

true

Question 5

_____ cells, located closer to the center of the eye, receive messages from visual receptors at the back of the eye

Answer 5

bipolar

Question 6

the axons of ________ cells join one another to form the optic nerve that travels to the brain

Answer 6

ganglion

Question 7

the __________ consists of the axons of ________ cells that band together and exit through the back of the eye and travel to the brain

Answer 7

optic nerve/ganglion

Question 8

first, answer from #7 known as _________ leaves the back of the eye; the point at which it leaves is called the blind spot because it contains no receptors

Answer 8

optic nerve

Question 9

the fovea is the central portion of the retina and allows for acute and detailed vision because it is packed tightly with ______

Answer 9

receptors

Question 10

each receptor (almost exclusively cones) in the fovea attaches to a single ________ cell and a single ______ cell

Answer 10

bipolar/ganglion

Question 11

each ____ in the fovea has a direct line to the brain which allows the registering of the exact location of an input

Answer 11

cone

Question 12

detailed vision is ____ in peripheral vision

Answer 12

less

Question 13

humans perceive wavelengths between _____ and ____ nanometers (nm)

Answer 13

400/700

Question 14

color perception occurs through the relative rates of response by three kinds of cones known as ____, ____, and ____ wavelengths

Answer 14

short/medium/long

Question 15

though rods are outnumbered, they provide about 90 percent of the brain’s input

Answer 15

false

Question 16

face recognition occurs relatively soon before birth and continues to develop gradually into adolescence

Answer 16

false

Question 17

motion perception involves a variety of brain areas in all four lobes of the cerebral cortex

Answer 17

true

Question 18

the inability to determine the direction, speed, and whether objects are moving is likely caused by damage in area ______

Answer 18

middle-temporal cortex

Question 19

you do not see your own eyes move because area MT and parts of the parietal cortex decrease their activity during voluntary eye movements known as _______

Answer 19

saccades

Question 20

evolution has been described as parsimonious. After it has solved one problem, it _____________ for other problems

Answer 20

modifies that solution

Question 21

_____ are vibrations of the air, water, or other medium that vary in frequency

Answer 21

sound waves

Question 22

amplitude refers to the _______ of the sound wave

Answer 22

intensity

Question 23

frequency is the number of compressions per ______ and is measured in ____

Answer 23

second/hertz

Question 24

timbre is ____ quality or complexity

Answer 24

tone

Question 25

people communicate ______ by alterations in pitch, loudness, and timbre

Answer 25

emotions

Question 26

structures of the ear divided into three distinguished parts that include _____________________

Answer 26

the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear

Question 27

the oval window is a membrane in the _____ ear

Answer 27

inner

Question 28

according to place theory, the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a _____

Answer 28

piano

Question 29

according to frequency theory, the basilar membrane vibrates in _______ with the sound and causes auditory nerve axons to produce action potentials at the same frequency

Answer 29

synchrony

Question 30

the primary auditory cortex is the destination for most information from the auditory system

Answer 30

primary

Question 31

each hemisphere receives most of its information from the ______ ear (s)

Answer 31

opposite

Question 32

one method of sound localization is ________________ of arrival at the two ears most useful for localizing sounds with sudden onset

Answer 32

difference in time

Question 33

the other method of sound localization is when high-frequency sounds (2000–3000 Hz) create a _______

Answer 33

sound shadow

Question 34

finally, ____________ between the ears provides cues to sound localization with frequencies up to 1500 Hz

Answer 34

phase difference

Question 35

________ occurs if bones of the middle ear fail to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea

Answer 35

conductive or middle ear deafness

Question 36

_________ results from damage to the cochlea, the hair cells, or the auditory nerve

Answer 36

nerve deafness or inner ear deafness

Question 37

whereas frequent or constant ringing in the ears is called _______

Answer 37

tinnitus

Question 38

what does the vestibular system detect

Answer 38

movement of the head

Question 39

somatosensorial refers to the sensation of the body and its movements that include discriminative touch, deep pressure, cold, warmth, pain, itch, tickle, and the position and movement of the joints

Answer 39

true

Question 40

according to the current pitch theory, low-frequency sounds are best explained by the frequency theory and high-frequency sounds are best explained by the place theory

Answer 40

true