Quiz 2

Question 1

List, explain and provide examples of each characteristic of life

Answer 1

• Organization: containing specialized compartments (organ system)
• Metabolism: chemical reactions that provide energy for a living organism (catabolic and anabolic reactions)
• Exchange of materials: breathing and eating are exchanging materials on a molecular and gastric level
• Responsiveness: adjusting to changes in internal and external env. (moving away from danger, regulating body temp)
• Movement: on a cellular and whole body scale to function (glands secreting chemicals)
• Development and growth: cells specializing to perform certain tasks, growing and repairing (plant seed to fruit)
• Reproduction: formation of new organism from parent cell (gametes to zygote or asexual reproduction)

Question 2

Why is a cell the basic unit of life?

Answer 2

A cell demonstrates all the levels of the characteristic of life at the smallest level

Question 3

Define the chemical level of organization

Answer 3

Simple atoms combine to make relatively similar molecules

Question 4

Define the cellular level of organization

Answer 4

Simple molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell

Question 5

Define the tissue level of organization

Answer 5

A community of similar cells form tissue

Question 6

Define the organ level of organization

Answer 6

Two or more different tissues combine to form an organ

Question 7

Define the organ system level of organization

Answer 7

Two or more organs work closely together to perform the functionings of a body system

Question 8

Define the organismal level of organization

Answer 8

Many organ systems work harmoniously together to perform the functions of an independent organism

Question 9

Describe the structure and function of cell membrane

Answer 9

Phospholipid bilayer with proteins, cholesterol and carbohydrates that regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Question 10

Describe the structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Phospholipid bilayer organelle that is divided into two sections:
- smooth er: calcium storage, drug detoxication, synthesis of phospholipids and steroids
- rough er: synthesis and transport of proteins to Golgi

Question 11

Describe the structure and function of ribosomes

Answer 11

small dot that performs protein synthesis

Question 12

Describe the structure and function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

processes, packs (into vesicles) and transports proteins within or out of the cell

Question 13

Describe the structure and function of lysosomes

Answer 13

Vesicle that performs intracellular digestion of unwanted substances within the cell

Question 14

Describe the structure and function of the mitochondria

Answer 14

Double membrane organelle that converts organic molecules into energy (ATP)

Question 15

Describe the structure and function of vesicles

Answer 15

Membrane bound sacs that acts as storage for importing or exporting various materials in the cell

Question 16

Describe the structure and functions of the nuclear envelope

Answer 16

Double membrane around the nucleus that provides structural support and separation from cytoplasm

Question 17

Describe the functions and structures of chromosomes

Answer 17

Within the nucleus and store genetic information to be transported to the daughter cells, condensed chromatin

Question 18

Describe the structure and functions of nucleolus

Answer 18

Inside the nucleus and synthesizes ribosomes

Question 19

What is the difference between cell division, cell growth and cell differentiation

Answer 19

• Cell division: the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same material
• Cell growth: cells increasing in size to fulfill their role
• Cell differentiation: unspecialized cells become specialized to carryout a specific function

Question 20

What are two examples of cell types in the human body that do not undergo cell division?

Answer 20

• Gametes
• Red blood cells
• Most neurons

Question 21

Define the term “stem cell”

Answer 21

An unspecialized cells that can divide without a limit and can differentiate into specialized cells under specific conditions

Question 22

Why does cell differentiation allow cells to serve different functions?

Answer 22

Differentiation changes a cells shape, size and function to become responsive to different signals to carry out a certain function

Question 23

Why is it important that the human body has specialized cells instead of identical ones?

Answer 23

They carry out certain functions so the body can remain in homeostasis and so not every cell is not doing the same function

Question 24

Describe the general structure characteristics and functions of a neuron

Answer 24

Long and slender in shape, transmit information using electrical impulses and chemical signals

Question 25

Describe the general structure characteristics and functions of muscle fibre

Answer 25

Long slender structures, contract to produce macroscopic movements

Question 26

Describe the general structure characteristics and functions of a erythrocyte

Answer 26

Red blood cells that transport oxygen in the blood, very small in size with no nucleus or mitochondria

Question 27

Describe the general structure characteristics and functions of a leukocyte

Answer 27

White blood

Question 28

What is the difference between anabolic and catabolism?

Answer 28

catabolic is the process of breaking down where anabolic is the process of building up