Quiz 8

Question 1

What are the five basic shapes of human bones?

Question 2

Describe the structure and histology of the human skeletal system

Answer 2

• Flat bone: are flat (sternum)
• Irregular bone: weird shape (vertebrae)
• Long bone: long and normal (humerus)
• Short bone: short and normal (tarpals)
• Seasmoid bone: idek man (patella)

Question 3

Define the diaphysis of the long bone

Answer 3

Long tube shaft of the bone and surrounded by compact bone

Question 4

Define the epipyphis of the long bone

Answer 4

End of the long bone and surrounded by spongy bone

Question 5

Define the metaphysics of the long bone

Answer 5

Hollow shaft near the end of the bone surrounded by compact bone

Question 6

Define the articular cartilage of the long bone

Answer 6

Elastic tissue at the end of the bone that provides lubricant to glide smoothly against other bones

Question 7

Define the periosteum of the long bone

Answer 7

Sheath outside the bone that supplies it with blood, nerves and cells

Question 8

Define the medullary cavity of the long bone

Answer 8

Hollow part of the bone that contains bone marrow

Question 9

Define the endosteum of the long bone

Answer 9

Thin vasular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue

Question 10

What is the difference between a compact bone and sponge bone

Answer 10

• Compact bone makes up the diaphysis and is heavy
• Spongy bone is soft and smooth that makes up the epiphysis

Question 11

How does a long bone grow

Answer 11

Through ossification
- Initial formation during embryonic development
- Growth of bones during childhood adolescent
- Repair after bone fracture
- Remodling of bone

Question 12

What is the difference between intramambraneous and endochondral ossification

Answer 12

• Intramembraneous: originates from mesenchyme and makes flat bones
• Endochondrial: originates from cartilaginous, makes all bones except flat and responsible for bone growth after embryotic stage

Question 13

Describe the four type of bone fractures

Answer 13

• Open (compound) is clean break and bone goes through skin
• Closed (simple) is clean break but bone does not go through skin
• Comminuted: bone is crushed and fragments lie between
• Greenstick: only one side of the bone and the other side is bent

Question 14

What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeletons and their general functions

Answer 14

• Axial: protects vital organs (skull, thoracic, spine)
• Appendicular: upper and lower limbs used for locomotion

Question 15

What is the general structure of vertebrae

Answer 15

Formed by cartilage, bone or both and has different regions that have different shapes

Question 16

How are atlas and axis bones different from other vertebrae

Answer 16

They are modified to allow for skull rotation and are made differently

Question 17

What is the structure and function of pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

Answer 17

• Pectoral: shoulder region, made up of clavicle and scapula, far apart
• Pelvic: hip region, made up of ilium, ischium, pubis and is fused

Question 18

What are the differences between male and female pelvis’s

Answer 18

• Female: larger, wide, rounder pelvic inlet, longer sacrum
• Male: small sacrum, taller, bigger hip bone

Question 19

What is the major difference between and adult and baby skeleton

Answer 19

• Curves in vertebral column
• Body proportions
• Presence of fontanelles (cranial soft spots)

Question 20

How do bones grow at different rates

Answer 20

• Genetics
• Nutrients (vitamins are important at development)
• Hormones