Quiz 2 Flashcards
(103 cards)
What is the tern used to describe the condition in which the kidneys are fused at either the upper or lower pole>
horseshoe kidney
What is the most common site of fusion for horseshoe kidney? Which direction does the hila face with this abnormality?
lower pole
anteriorly
What is the term used to describe an abnormal location of one or both kidneys?
ectopic kidney
What is the most common location of an ectopic kidney?
lower abdomen or pelvis
In what condition do cysts affect the medullary and papillary regions of the kidney but spare the cortex?
Medullary sponge kidney
Which form of PKD is autosomal recessive?
Childhood PKD
Which form of PKD is autosomal dominant?
Adult PKD
What condition is histologically characterized by large cysts lined by flattened cuboidal epithelium and an intervening parenchyma that is fibrotic with island of bluish cartilage?
Childhood PKD
Which form of PKD is more commonly associated with concurrent liver cysts?
adult PKD
What are dialysis patients with renal cysts at an increased risk for?
renal cell carcinoma
A kidney shows a large irregular tan mass with large cysts arranged around the mass. What are you looking at?
renal cell carcinoma
What disease has a proliferation of mesangial, endothelial and epithelial cells in addition to a thickening of the basement membrane?
Glomerular disease
What specific antibodies are found in glomerular disease? What other disease might produce these antibodies?
anti-GBM antibodies (GBM=glomerular basement membrane)
SLE
How do these four diseases present? lipoid nephrosis membranous glomerulopathy focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis nodular and diffuse glomerulosclerosis
as nephrotic sydrome
What disease presents as proteinuria, decreased serum proteins, increased serum lipid levels, generalized edema?
nephrotic syndrome
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
lipoid nephrosis aka minimal change disease/nil disease
What disease is known to present with selective protein, in that albumin in generally the only protein commonly lost in the urine?
lipoid nephrosis/minimal change disease/nil disease
What do the glomeruli look like in lipoid nephrosis?
little to no change
hence, the name minimal change disease/nil disease
What disease reveals flattening of the foot processes with electron microscopy?
lipoid nephrosis/minimal change disease/nil disease
t/f. lipoid nephrosis involves no immune complexes
true
What is the most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome?
membranous glomerulopathy
This disease is known to follow infections (HBV, HCV, syphilis, etc), drugs (gold therapy, captopril) and tumors (lung, colon, melanoma, lymphomas)?
membranous glomerulopathy
In which disease are the capillary loops usually thickened and prominent while the epithelial cellularity and mesangial cellularity do not increase?
membranous glomerulopathy
In which condition is the basement membrane diffusely thickened with a “spiked” appearance?
membranous glomerulopahy