Quiz 3 Part 5 Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

Which cells of the pancreas are lightly staining?

A

Hormone producing islets of langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do pancreatic beta cells produce? (most important for exam)

A

insulin & islet cell amyloid polypeptide (amylin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do alpha cells produce?

A

glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do delta cels produce?

A

somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do D1 cells produce?

A

VIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do PP cells produce?

A

pancreatic polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do enterochromaffin cells produce?

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which GLUT transporter is in adipose and striated muscle?

A

GLUT 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F - GLUT transporters require insulin to function

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lab criteria for diagnosing DM

A

fasting blood glucose >= 126
non-fasting >= 200 w/ diabetes symptoms
+ OGTT resulting in blood glucose >= 200, 2-3 hrs after ingestion of glucose bolus
Hgb A1C > 6.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MC form of DM

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Type 1 DM is associated with which Abs?

A

Islet cell Ab, anti-insulin Ab

Most islet cell Ab directed against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Islet cell Abs are also found in which other DM aside from type 1?

A

DM type 1.5 or LADA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lymphocytic infiltration of islets seen in which DM

A

Type 1/1.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Decreased response of peripheral tissues to insulin and then beta cell dysfunction manifested as inadequate insulin secretion

A

DM type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is likely the largest contributor to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance?

A

Loss of insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes

17
Q

MC sxs of DM type 1

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, with lassitude, nausea and blurred vision

18
Q

What is the term given to infiltration of leukocytes early in the course of DM1 with subsequent islet atrophy and fibrosis?

19
Q

Islet of langerhans demonstrates pink hyalinization (deposition of amyloid), with almost complete loss of cell detail - which DM?

A

type 2 - still maintains islet cell function

20
Q

This type of retinopathy is characterized by dilated capillaries which leak RBC’s and plasma into the substance of the retina, forming cotton wool spots

A

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

21
Q

MC cause of visual loss due to diabetic retinopathy

A

Macular edema

22
Q

You see diffuse increase in mesangial matrix and acellular PAS-positive nodules in the kidneys

A

nodular glomerulosclerosis of Diabetic nephropathy

23
Q

Earliest detectable visible change in diabetic nephropathy

A

capillary thickening

24
Q

This pancreatic tumor is separated from the pancreas by a thin collagenous capsule. The neoplastic cells are “monotonous” in appearance, demonstrating minimal pleomorphism or mitotic activity. There is amyloid deposition.

A

Pancreatic islet cell adenoma

25
A pancreatic tumor derived from beta cells, whose feedback is not properly regulated by glucose/glucagon
Insulinoma - they present with severe hypoglycemia
26
5% of insulinomas are associated with what other glands and MEN syndrome?
parathyroid and pituitary - MEN1
27
An increased cellular uptake of an immunohistochemical stain for insulin is consistent with dx of
insulinoma
28
A tumor of pancreas or duodenum that secretes gastrin. What does it lead to?
gastrinoma - ulcerations of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, esoph. Also incr HCL and hyperperistalsis, lipase inhibition - get diarrhea
29
Malignant gastrinomas MC spread where?
Liver and lymph nodes located nearby
30
Gastrinomas MC location
Duodenum. Less commonly in the pancreas.
31
What is frequently the source of excess gastrin in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
Gastrinoma
32
25% of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have multiple tumor types at different sites as a consequence of which MEN?
MEN1 - usually pituitary and parathyroid