Quiz 3 Part 5 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Quiz 3 Part 5 Deck (32)
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1
Q

Which cells of the pancreas are lightly staining?

A

Hormone producing islets of langerhans

2
Q

What do pancreatic beta cells produce? (most important for exam)

A

insulin & islet cell amyloid polypeptide (amylin)

3
Q

What do alpha cells produce?

A

glucagon

4
Q

What do delta cels produce?

A

somatostatin

5
Q

What do D1 cells produce?

A

VIP

6
Q

What do PP cells produce?

A

pancreatic polypeptide

7
Q

What do enterochromaffin cells produce?

A

serotonin

8
Q

Which GLUT transporter is in adipose and striated muscle?

A

GLUT 4

9
Q

T/F - GLUT transporters require insulin to function

A

T

10
Q

Lab criteria for diagnosing DM

A

fasting blood glucose >= 126
non-fasting >= 200 w/ diabetes symptoms
+ OGTT resulting in blood glucose >= 200, 2-3 hrs after ingestion of glucose bolus
Hgb A1C > 6.5%

11
Q

MC form of DM

A

Type 2

12
Q

Type 1 DM is associated with which Abs?

A

Islet cell Ab, anti-insulin Ab

Most islet cell Ab directed against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the beta cells

13
Q

Islet cell Abs are also found in which other DM aside from type 1?

A

DM type 1.5 or LADA

14
Q

Lymphocytic infiltration of islets seen in which DM

A

Type 1/1.5

15
Q

Decreased response of peripheral tissues to insulin and then beta cell dysfunction manifested as inadequate insulin secretion

A

DM type 2

16
Q

What is likely the largest contributor to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance?

A

Loss of insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes

17
Q

MC sxs of DM type 1

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, with lassitude, nausea and blurred vision

18
Q

What is the term given to infiltration of leukocytes early in the course of DM1 with subsequent islet atrophy and fibrosis?

A

Insulitis

19
Q

Islet of langerhans demonstrates pink hyalinization (deposition of amyloid), with almost complete loss of cell detail - which DM?

A

type 2 - still maintains islet cell function

20
Q

This type of retinopathy is characterized by dilated capillaries which leak RBC’s and plasma into the substance of the retina, forming cotton wool spots

A

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

21
Q

MC cause of visual loss due to diabetic retinopathy

A

Macular edema

22
Q

You see diffuse increase in mesangial matrix and acellular PAS-positive nodules in the kidneys

A

nodular glomerulosclerosis of Diabetic nephropathy

23
Q

Earliest detectable visible change in diabetic nephropathy

A

capillary thickening

24
Q

This pancreatic tumor is separated from the pancreas by a thin collagenous capsule. The neoplastic cells are “monotonous” in appearance, demonstrating minimal pleomorphism or mitotic activity. There is amyloid deposition.

A

Pancreatic islet cell adenoma

25
Q

A pancreatic tumor derived from beta cells, whose feedback is not properly regulated by glucose/glucagon

A

Insulinoma - they present with severe hypoglycemia

26
Q

5% of insulinomas are associated with what other glands and MEN syndrome?

A

parathyroid and pituitary - MEN1

27
Q

An increased cellular uptake of an immunohistochemical stain for insulin is consistent with dx of

A

insulinoma

28
Q

A tumor of pancreas or duodenum that secretes gastrin. What does it lead to?

A

gastrinoma - ulcerations of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, esoph. Also incr HCL and hyperperistalsis, lipase inhibition - get diarrhea

29
Q

Malignant gastrinomas MC spread where?

A

Liver and lymph nodes located nearby

30
Q

Gastrinomas MC location

A

Duodenum. Less commonly in the pancreas.

31
Q

What is frequently the source of excess gastrin in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Gastrinoma

32
Q

25% of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have multiple tumor types at different sites as a consequence of which MEN?

A

MEN1 - usually pituitary and parathyroid