Quiz 2 Infection control

Question 1

Infection

Answer 1

the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease.

Question 2

Colonization

Answer 2

a microorganism invades the host but does not cause infection

Question 3

Disease results from

Answer 3

Entry and multiplication of organisms

Question 4

the body’s first line of defense is?

Answer 4

Intact Skin-

Question 5

Communicable disease

Answer 5

infectious process transmitted from one person to another.

Question 6

symptomatic infection

Answer 6

If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

Question 7

asymptomatic

Answer 7

clinical signs and symptoms are not present

Question 8

Hand hygiene

Answer 8

the most important technique to use in preventing and controlling transmission of infection.

Question 9

Chain of Infection

Answer 9

Infectious agent or pathogen
Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

Question 10

Immunocompromised

Answer 10

means having an impaired immune system.

Question 11

Virulence

Answer 11

ability to produce disease

Question 12

Aerobic bacteria

Answer 12

require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease

Question 13

Anaerobic bacteria

Answer 13

no oxygen required

Question 14

bacteriostasis

Answer 14

prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Question 15

bactericidal

Answer 15

destructive to bacteria

Question 16

Infectious Process

Answer 16

incubation period
Prodromal Stage
Illness stage
Convalescence

Question 17

Risks of Infection

Answer 17

Inadequate hand hygiene (client and caregivers).
Individuals who are immuno-compromised.
Older adults
Clients living in crowded environments
Individuals with poor lifestyle choices
Caregiver providing medical or surgical asepsis that does not follow established standards.
Clients who have poor hygiene
poor nutrition
smokes or drinks alcohol excessively
high levels of stress.

Question 18

Defenses Against Infection

Answer 18

Normal flora
Body system defenses
Inflammation

Question 19

Signs of local inflammation and infection

Answer 19

Swelling, redness, heat, pain or tenderness, and loss of function in the affected body part

Question 20

Inflammation

Answer 20

Vascular and cellular responses
Delivers fluid, blood products and nutrients to an area of injury.
Neutralizes and eliminates pathogens or dead necrotic tissue and establishes a means of repairing body cells and tissues.
Exudates (serous, sanguineous, or purulent)
Tissue repair

Question 21

Health Care–Associated Infections (HAIs)

Answer 21

Results from delivery of health services in a health care facility

Question 22

Patients at high risk of HAIs

Answer 22

Multiple illnesses
Older adults
Poorly nourished
Lowered resistance to infection

Question 23

Types of HAI infection

Answer 23

Iatrogenic, Exogenous, Endogenous

Question 24

Latrogenic HAI

Answer 24

Results from a procedure

Question 25

Exogenous HAI

Answer 25

Comes from microorganisms outside the patient

Question 26

Endogenous HAI

Answer 26

when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results

Question 27

Major sites for HAI infection

Answer 27

Surgical or traumatic wounds Urinary and respiratory tracts Bloodstream

Question 28

Nursing diagnoses for infection

Answer 28

- Risk of infection - nutrition less than the body requires - impaired oral mucous membrane - risk for impaired skin integrity - social isolation

Question 29

Common goals of care to patients with infection

Answer 29

Preventing exposure to infectious organisms Controlling or reducing the extent of infection Maintaining resistance to infection Verbalizing understanding of infection prevention and control techniques

Question 30

Screening for Infection

Answer 30

Increased WBC Elevated sedimentation rate Positive cultures of urine and blood

Question 31

Assessment for Infection

Answer 31

``` Fever presence of chills increased pulse and respiratory rate malaise fatigue anorexia nausea vomiting abdominal cramping diarrhea enlarged lymph nodes. Older adults- confusion, agitation, incontinence ```

Question 32

Asepsis

Answer 32

Absence of pathogenic microorganisms.

Question 33

Aseptic technique

Answer 33

Practices/ procedures that assist in reducing the risk for infection

Question 34

Medical asepsis, or clean technique

Answer 34

procedures or practices for reducing the number, growth, and spread of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms.

Question 35

Surgical asepsis or sterile technique

Answer 35

procedures or practices to eliminate or prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field for surgery.

Question 36

Disinfection

Answer 36

process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects

Question 37

Sterilization

Answer 37

the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores

Question 38

Infection Prevention and Control

Answer 38

``` Patient safety Including, separate personal care items Wound cleaning Patient education Cough etiquette Isolation and isolation precautions Surgical asepsis ```

Question 39

Cough Etiquette

Answer 39

cover nose/mouth surgical mask when transporting patient Perform hand hygiene after contact with contaminated respiratory secretions Maintain spatial separation greater than 3 feet from persons with respiratory infection

Question 40

Isolation

Answer 40

separation and restriction of movement of ill persons with contagious diseases.

Question 41

Contact precautions

Answer 41

Direct and indirect contact with patients and their environments

Question 42

Droplet precautions

Answer 42

Large droplets expelled into the air and travel 3 to 6 feet from the patient.

Question 43

Airborne precautions

Answer 43

Smaller droplets which remain in air for longer periods of time. Requires specially equipped room with negative air flow.

Question 44

Protective environment

Answer 44

Requires specialized room with positive airflow. No flowers or potted plants

Question 45

Personal protective equipment

Answer 45

Gowns, masks, eye protection, gloves

Question 46

Principles of Surgical Asepsis

Answer 46

1. A sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another sterile object 2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field. 3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a person’s waist is contaminated. 4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air. 5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or field becomes contaminated by capillary action. 6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity. 7. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated.