Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower?
- Implemented termination act
- A Republican who took over as president
- ” A Great War Hero”
- Had other people do his job for him
- Appointed good people( Democrat and Republican)
- Part of the military; stationed over seas a lot
Who was John F Kennedy?
- Beat Richard Nixon in the Election
- Won election because of his looks
- Sought to end Termination act but failed
- Cut the budget used to implement the Termination Act
Who was Richard M. Nixon?
- Favorable towards Indians
- Had a coach who was Pro Indian which influenced his way of thinking
- Rescinded Termination
- Broke Constitution
- Was pardoned by Jerold Ford
- Returned Lands to the Taos Tribes( Blue/Dawn Lake)
Who was Ronald Regan?
- President from 1980-to 1988
- “Self Determination” for tribes
- Supported tribal involvement / wanted them to be economically independent( was going to cut their funds)
- Supported Indian Gaming
- Enterprise zones on reservations
Who was Bill Clinton?
- President
- Very Pro Native American
- Created the “3 leg stool for education”
- Passed the violence Against Woman Act ( VAWA) but did not apply towards Indian Reservations
Who was Clyde Bellecourt, Russel Means. and George Mitchell?
- Initial Founders of the American Indian Movement
About how many tribes were actually terminated?
- None of the 18 tribes in SD County were terminated !
- Approx. 90 tribes in the U.S were affected
Once terminated, what was the status of tribal members regarding tribal membership?
- You are still a tribe but will have no reservation! ( not living on once what was their land)
- Created lots of conflict; Gov. was tired of dealign with Indian people
- These tribes were coerced into accepting termination
Richard Nixon’s POV of “Self Deterimination”?
-rejected termination, scolded Congress for how they’ve treated Indian(policy), and started giving power back to the Indians(gave back land(Taos tribe: Blue/Dawn Lake) provided funding to reservations and Indian programs, Claims settlement act(gave land back to Natives in Alaska) cut funding to other stuff that weren’t supporting Indians)
Ronald Reagans POV of “Self Determination”?
“economic help, economic is better, it is everything, and will make you better”
- Interprise!
- enterprise zones, funded Indian welfare programs, supported Indian gaming,
What was the goal/prupose of the Indian Child Welfare Act?
- federal/tribal approval of adoptions
- Indian children adopted by white people; children being stolen from hospitals
- only way to adopt now was to go through the tribe
- STATE can not make that decision
What president supported the Indian Child Welfare act and pushed it through congress?
Richard Nixon
What is the 3 Leg Stool ??
- Created by Clinton
- EDUCATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, and HEALTH+WELLFARE
What was the Termination Act?
- Closed off Indian reservation and try to integrate them into American Society
What is the Economic Self Determination Act?
- ” We teach you (trade skills, economic knowledge, etc, so y’all can sustain yourselfs so we don’t have to fund you anymore),
What is the American Indian Movement(AIM)?
- Founded in Minneapolis
- Initial goal/mission was to get better schools/school meals for inner-city Indian Children
- It evolved by becoming more militant/aggressive in response to slow actions by cities, states, and the federal government.
What was the Alcatraz Island Takeover?
- Alcatraz is located in SF
- Indians believed it should be returned to them b/c all unused/abandoned land returned o Indians (all of the lands was their s anyway, it’s just like the reservations with terrible conditions
- Real motive for taking over was to get the attention of the U.S public and worked
- Takeover was resolved by Indian occupiers lost motivation after the child died after falling down the stairs and hitting her head… it wasn’t that they were deprived of resources and then removed by the island in 71’
What is enterprise zones on reservations?
- Encourage economic growth and development for the Native Americans
What president began the payment process?
- Payment of funds awarded as a result of the Indian Claims Commission
- Ronald Regan
How did the Indian Civil Rights Movements interface or compare with the Black Civil Rights
Movement?
- Tied closely with the Black Civil Rights Movement.
- Sought increased voting rights in the intercity and on Reservations.
- Forced investigations of the killing of Indians.
- Wanted to fundamentally change law enforcement on Reservations and to root out Tribal corruption.
Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). What president got it through Congress and passed into Federal law? How did VAWA apply on Indian Reservations?
- Bill Clinton
- Did not apply on Indian reservations
