quiz 3

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

Single-celled organisms
the first organism on earth

Question 2

gram positive

Answer 2

no outer membrane

Question 3

gram negative

Answer 3

outer membrane

Question 4

anaerobic

Answer 4

do not need oxygen

Question 5

aerobic

Answer 5

need oxygen

Question 6

faculatative

Answer 6

can grow with or without oxygen

Question 7

types or pathogens

Answer 7

Direct: attaches to a host cell and causes direct damage
Toxins: in gram neg bacteria the outer layer can release endo toxins
Indirect: a secondary immune response is triggered

Question 8

cyanobacteria

Answer 8

produce oxygen
preform nitrogen fixation

Question 9

archaea

Answer 9

single-celled, prokaryotic organisms, known to withstand extreme environments

Question 10

crenarchaeota

Answer 10

lovers of extreme temps

Question 11

euryarchaeota

Answer 11

lovers of very salty places

Question 12

kingdom plants

Answer 12

more complex eukaryotic cells have a cell wall, autotrophic, can be vascular and non vascular.

Question 13

Kingdom fungi

Answer 13

more closely related to animals than plants, absorb nutrients,

Question 14

Kingdom Anamalia

Answer 14

Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, and ingest food

Question 15

clade metazoa

Answer 15

all animals

Question 16

clade Eumetazoa

Answer 16

true animals, all animals with true tissues.

Question 17

Phyla Porifera (sponges)

Answer 17

asymmetric, no cephalization, sessile, multicellular, totipotent, rigid skeletal systems.
are marine and freshwater
5000 species
evolved 550-700mya
estimated 400-10,000 years old

Question 18

spicules

Answer 18

found in sponges, are the rigid support structures made out of calcium carbonate or silica.

Question 19

choanocyte

Answer 19

the specialized cell in a sponge that lines the inner walls, and allow them to filter feed.

Question 20

Cnidaria

Answer 20

corals, anemones, jellyfish

Question 21

phyla cnidaria body plan

Answer 21

radial symmetry and diploblastic
anemones: polyp and medusa form
no cephalization
have a network of widely distributed neurons

Question 22

nematocyst

Answer 22

the specialized cells of cnidarians allow for stinging,
and string like part shoots out of the cells with barbs on the end that can sometimes release a toxin

Question 23

coral bleaching

Answer 23

stress due to increased temp and sunlight that leads corals to expel their symbiote the zooxanthellae.

Question 24

phyla Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Answer 24

can be marine, terrestrial, and freshwater
can also be parasitic (tape worms, flukes)
live in moist environments

Question 25

flatworm body plan

Answer 25

bilateral symmetry (evolved from radial) cephalization: small brain, muscles, nerve cord Triploblastic have chemoreceptors heads and eyespots allow for hunting and predation

Question 26

there are estimated to be how many species on earth today

Answer 26

10-14 million