quiz 4

Question 1

Bioaccumulation

Answer 1

The growth and accumulation of materials within an individual organism

Question 2

Biomagnification

Answer 2

the increased concentration of a toxin at higher trophic levels

Question 3

Defense mechanisms

Answer 3

toxins, venoms, outer shells

Question 4

aposematism coloration

Answer 4

coloration that animals develop to indicate to potential predators that should not fuck around with them

Question 5

mimicry

Answer 5

the ability of an organism develops to imitate one or more traits form another organism

Question 6

Batesian minicry

Answer 6

type of mimicry where an organism has evolved to mimic the coloration of a poisonous or deadly organism when it itself is not harmful or dangerous

Question 7

Mullein Mimicry

Answer 7

there can be several venomous/poisonous or harmful species in an environment all predated upon by other organisms. Perhaps only one species has aposematic coloration to signal to predators but the rest do not, but begin to evolve the mimicry of the trait.

eventually all species develop aposematic coloration

Question 8

Aggressive Mimicry

Answer 8

some predators have evolved to use mimicry. to get food themselves or something else equally attractive to their prey.

Question 9

Vocal Mimicry

Answer 9

occurs when an individual learns a sound from another species or the environment.

Question 10

coenoclines

Answer 10

show trends in local abundances of species along environmental or elevational gradients to study patterns of association among plants

Question 11

typical coenoclin patterns

Answer 11

species typically replace each other gradually along smooth environmental gradients, but when species with similar niches come into contract, sharp boundaries can be observed due to competitive exclusion

Question 12

primary succession

Answer 12

when all soil and organic matter have been removed, and no remnants of previous environments

is a very slow process hundreds of years

Question 13

Secondary Succession

Answer 13

if a disturbance leaves some remnants of the previous system or in the seed bank. faster process reaches full climax community 150 years

Question 14

jump dispersal

Answer 14

long distance over inhospitable locations resulting in establishment of population in new successful location

Question 15

Diffusion dispersal

Answer 15

slow expansion and gradual movement of species over hospitable location

Question 16

secular migration

Answer 16

subset of diffusion, occurs over geological time, can lead to speciation via evolution

Question 17

vagility

Answer 17

active dispersal - the ability of an organism to move under its own power

Question 18

pagility

Answer 18

passive dispersal: the organism needs some other power to move it

Question 19

exozoochory

Answer 19

seeds dispersed via the outside of an animal
ex. burrs stuck to a dog

Question 20

Endozoochory

Answer 20

seeds dispersed via the inside of an animal
ex. eats seed and shits it out

Question 21

Annelida

Answer 21

segmented worms

Question 22

clade protostomia

Answer 22

develops mouth first

Question 23

clade deuterostomia

Answer 23

develops ass first

Question 24

Annelida body plan

Answer 24

triploblastic, bilateral, cephlized, segmented, complete gut, true celom

Question 25

special traits of annelida

Answer 25

first to get blood chateau: bristles found on all annelids that help with movement, stability, and sensory.

Question 26

Phyla Mollusca

Answer 26

bivalves, polyplacaphora, gastropods, cephalopods second most diverse went through adaptive radiation

Question 27

Mollusca body plan

Answer 27

triploblastic, coelom, protostome, respiratory system (gills) radula: a ribbon of chitinous teeth. modular body plan: generalized traits and specialized traits.

Question 28

Arthropods

Answer 28

most diverse phyla consist of scavenges and decomposers constitutes nearly 90%of all known animal species

Question 29

arthropods body plan

Answer 29

- modular body plan with specialized segments - goes through ecdysis: shedding of the outer layer - molting restricts the size - highly cephilized - complex eye spots - chemosensory - hearing

Question 30

phyla chordata

Answer 30

deuterostomes

Question 31

4 hallmarks of chordates

Answer 31

notochord, post-anal tail, pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord

Question 32

invertabrate chordates

Answer 32

urochordates: sea squirts cephalochordates: lancelets

Question 33

vertebrate chordates

Answer 33

cartilaginous fish, bony fish, tetrapods, amphibians, birds, mammals

Question 34

cartilaginous fish

Answer 34

the first to develop jaws and paired fins meaning that they could eat more and move faster

Question 35

bony fish

Answer 35

development of internal hard skeletal system

Question 36

tetrapods

Answer 36

between 385-360 moo lobe finned fish evolved legs and feet lost gills and emerged out of water homology limb structure

Question 37

Amphibians: both ways of life

Answer 37

- limited because they are tied to water to breed - amniotes: have amniotic sacs that allow lizards and snakes to lay eggs on land without water. involves all tetrapods but amphibians.

Question 38

Birds

Answer 38

taxonomically reptiles

Question 39

mammals

Answer 39

mammary glands 4 chambered hearts hair endothermic marsupials, placentals

Question 40

food chain

Answer 40

the linear progression of how energy flows through an environment as organisms consume other organisms

Question 41

producers

Answer 41

consist of autotrophs that converse light energy into chemical energy

Question 42

primary consumers

Answer 42

consume the producers

Question 43

secondary consumers

Answer 43

typically carnivores that eat small species like primary consumers

Question 44

food webs

Answer 44

try to represent the complexity of trophic levels within an ecosystem beyond just a singular, linear fashion. show complex interconnections among and between various food chains