Quiz 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the extracellular component of blood called?
A
plasma
2
Q
3 types of cells in blood
A
Erythocytes, Leukocytes, platelets
3
Q
What kind of tissue is blood
A
connective tissue
4
Q
water, protein, and other solutes individually make up what percentage of blood plasma?
A
blood-92 protein 7 other solutes 1
5
Q
Normal Hematocrit Range
A
35-49%
6
Q
Hemoglobin
A
13.5-17.5 gm/100mL
7
Q
Na+
A
135-145 mEq/L
8
Q
K+
A
3.5-5.1 mEq.L
9
Q
HCO3-
A
22-29 mEq/L
10
Q
Cl-
A
98-106 mEq/L
11
Q
Ca++
A
8.4-10.2 mg/100ml (dL)
12
Q
Fasting Glucose
A
75-115 mg/100 ml (dL)
13
Q
Normal Erythrocyte range for Male
A
4.3-5.7 *(10^6)
14
Q
Normal Erythrocyte range for Female
A
3.9-5.0 * (10^6)
15
Q
Leukocyte range
A
4-10*(10^3)
16
Q
what percentage of leukocytes are Neutrophils
A
50-70%
17
Q
what percentage of leukocytes are Eosinophils
A
2-5%
18
Q
what percentage of leukocytes are Basophils
A
0-1%
19
Q
what percentage of leukocytes are Lymphocytes
A
20-50%
20
Q
what percentage of leukocytes are Monocytes
A
3-8%
21
Q
What is normal platelet range
A
150-450*(10^3)
22
Q
all sensory axons are derived from
A
neural crest cells
23
Q
all Schwann cells are derived from
A
neural crest cells
24
Q
Brain receives what percentage of total cardiac output
A
20%
25
Brain contains how many neurons
100 billion
26
Are there more glial cells or neurons?
glial cells
27
How many spinal nerves
31
28
How many cranial nerves
12
29
cranial and dorsal root ganglia are cell bodies of what kind of nerves?
sensory
30
What are autonomic ganglia
cell bodies of autonomic postganglionic nerve fibers
31
Where do all of the postganglionic autonomic nerves derive from
neural crest cells
32
What are motor nerve fibers derived from?
the neural tube
33
What are all preganglionic autonomic nerve fibers derived from
the neural tube
34
What is the perikaryon
cell body of neuron
35
What is Nissl
large amount of rough ER and polyribosomes
36
What is soma
cell body of neuron
37
How does the cytoplasm of a neuron stain? basoophilic or eosinophilic and why
basophilic lots of ER and polyribosomes
38
Most neurons are unipolar, multipolar, bi polar, pseudounipolar?
multipolar
39
What does multipolar mean
lots of dendrites with one single axon
40
Slow axonal transport is what speed
0.2-4 mm/day
41
fast axonal transport is what speed
20-400 mm/day
42
What are the tree kinds of synapses
axodendritic axosomatic axoaxonic
43
What are the two main types of neuron receptors
ligand-gated ion channels Metabotropic receptors
44
What are the tree ways that neurotransmiter action is terminated by?
enzymatic degradation diffusion reuptake into terminal
45
are sensory neurons multipolar, unipolar, pseudounipolar, bipolar?
pseudounipolar
46
What kind of cells make myelin in the CNS and PNS
oligodendrocytes schwann cells
47
What is rate of axon regeneration
1-2 mm per day
48
speed of an axon is dependent on what two things
diameter and thickness of myelin sheath
49
What do Meissner's corpuscle do?
sensory specializations that transduce touch
50
What are Pacinian corpuscles?
specialized receptor with a sensory nerve fiber at it's core that is specialized to detect deep pressure and vibration
51
Nerve free endings sense what two things
pain, temperature
52
how are nerve free endings stained?
immunohistological techniques
53
All of the central nervous system deveopes from the sigle layer of __ \_\_ that make up the neural tube
neuroepithelial cells
54
around how many neurons
100 billion
55
how many synapses
10^15
56
How many glia per neuron?
10
57
Glia are categorized into what two major divisions
-macroglia -microglia
58
macroglia arise from: microglea arise from:
-neuroeptithelium of neural tube -mesodermal, macrophage monocyte system/ myeloid precursor
59
What are 3 types of macroglia
astrocytes, oligodendroctes, and ependymal cells
60
What do astrocytes do 4
1) maintain normal interstitial environment, 2) remove excess ions and neurotransmitters, 3)make growth factors, 4) induce formation of blood brain barrier.
61
Waht do oligodendrocytes do?
make myelin in CNS
62
What do ependymal cells do?
line brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
63
What does choroid plexus do?
modified ependymal cells that produce CSF
64
What do microglia do?
phagocytic properteis
65
What are the two appearances of astorcyte processes
protoplasmic (fleshy) and fibrous (thin)
66
formation of the blood brain barrier is induced by what?
astrocytes
67
t/f one oligodendrocyte can myelinate many axons
T
68
one oligodendrocyte can myelinate segments of __ to ___ axons in the regions
8 to 10
69
multiple sclerosis identifies what kind of myelin--CNS/PNS
CNS
70
What controls the composition of CSF
choroid plexus epithelial cells
71
for choroid epithelial cells microvillare are on what side?
CSF side
72
do ependymal cells in central canal of spinal cord have microvilli or cilia?
cilia
73
blood csf barrier is made up of
choroid epithelial cells
74
capillaries are separated from ventricle lumenbut what shape/classification of epithelial cells
cuboidal epithelium
75
choroid plexus cells manufacture spinal fulid via ___ \_\_\_ from the capillaries
selective transport
76
t/f microglia are antigen present cells
t
77
Dura is made up what kind of connective tissue
dense irregular collagenous
78
Arachnoid is made up what kind of connective tissue
Loose CT b/w 2 layers of simple squamous
79
Pia is made up what kind of connective tissue
layer of simple squamos, loose CT
80
What are the two major categories of anemia
red cell morphology and hemolysis/hemorrhage
81
What is a reticulocyte
final sate of red cell maturation
82
What are hte 5 types of leukocytes
neutrophils eosinophils basophils lymphocutes monocytes
83
What are leukocytes that are granulocytes
neutrophils eosinophils basophils
84
What are agranulocytes
lymphocytes monocytes
85
What is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes
agranulocytes do not have specific granules , but both have azurophilic granules
86
What is this?
neutrophil
87
What is this?
Eosinophil
88
What is this?
basophil
89
What is this
lymphocyte
90
What is this?
monocyte
91
Which leukocyte produces major basic protein
eosinophil
92
What responses is major basic protein a part of
allergic and parasitic
93
What two important molecules do basophils contain
heparin and histamine
94
major job of neutrophils
phagocytosis
95
which leukocyte is the largest
monocyte
96
When monocytes leave hte blood stream and enter the tissues they become
macrophages
97
What are platelets derived from?
the cytoplasm of the megakaryocytes
98
Which leukocyte contains cat eye like granules
eosinophils
99
what is the platelet's source of energy?
glycogen
100
What is size of erythrocyte?
7-8 microns
101
platelets are what size?
2-3 microns
102
Which leukocyte is least prevalent in blood
basophils
103
tunic intima contains what 2 things ?
endothelum and internal elastic lamina
104
tunic media contains what 2 things ?
smooth muscle and external elastic lamina
105
adventitia is outside of
external elastic lamina
106
What is the largest portion of an artery
tunica media
107
Between the arterioles and the capillaries there are \_\_\_\_which ha eonly one layer of \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ which is often \_\_\_\_\_.
metarterioles
smooth muscle
discontinuous
108
size of capillary
9-12 microns
109
3 types of capillaries
continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous
110
Where are continuous caps found?
muscle,brain, lung, bone
111
Where are fenestrated caps found?
gut, endocrine, kidney
112
Where are discontinuous caps found?
liver, bone marrow, spleen
113
What is another name for a discontinuous cap?
sinusoid
114
What are 2 functions of pericytes
regenterative/stem cell and contractile
115
What is dominant layer in veins?
adventita
116
T/flymphatics have a complete basement membrane
f
117
