Quiz 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Blast cells are ___ but not ____
A
mitotic self-replicating
2
Q
What happens to nucleus size as a hematopoietic cell matures
A
nuclei shrink
3
Q
What happens to nucleoli as hematopoietic cells mature
A
they disappear
4
Q
What 3 things are in hematopoietic parenchyma?
A
fat, erythroblasic islands, and granulocytic precursors
5
Q
What is the ratio of graulocytic to erythroblastic precursors
A
3:1
6
Q
Erythrocytes take how long to develop?
A
around 7 days
7
Q
Granulocytes take how long to develop?
A
around 14
8
Q
Bone marrow has more blast or mature cells?
A
mature
9
Q
What is the least mature erythocytic cell seen in the peripheral blood
A
reticulocyte
10
Q
What is the least mature granulocytic cell seen in the peripheral blood
A
band cell
11
Q
what is the life span of a reticulocyte after it’s been released from the bone marrow
A
around 1 day
12
Q
what motor protein do megakaryocytes use to extend the cytoplasmic processes into sinuses?
A
dynein motors
13
Q
What are 3 types of factors that platelets have in their granules/
A
growth, clotting, and vasoactive substances
14
Q
Life span of an RBC
A
120
15
Q
Life span of an neutrophil
A
around 1 day
16
Q
Life span of an platelet
A
10 days
17
Q
all blood cells are derived from:
A
one pluripotent stem cell
18
Q
First major division from pluripotent stem cell in regards to differentiation are what two lines?
A
myeloid and lympoid
19
Q
Lymphoid stem cells form what two things?
A
B and T lymphocytes
20
Q
Draw out hematopoeitc differentiation from slide 10
A
21
Q
two types of stem cells
A
pluri and multipotent
22
Q
which type of cell in the process of differentiation are the most mitotically active?
A
blast cells
23
Q
which 2 types of cell in the process of differntiation are cell renewing
A
stem cells and progenitor
24
Q
Growth factors have most effect on what type of cells in the process of differntation
A
blast cells
25
Erythropoietin are produced by what type of cells and stimulate what?
renal cells and stimulate RBC development
26
GM-CSF are produced by what 3 things and stimulates what
lymphocytes, endothelium, and fibroblasts
stimulates granulocyte and macrophage development
27
G-CSF are produced by what 3 things and stimulates what
macrophages, endothelium, and fibroblasts
granulocyte development
28
IL-3 is produced by what and stimulates what?
T-lymphocytes
stimulates production of myeloid cells
29
Thrombopoietin is produced by what 2 things and stimulates what?
liver and kidney
platelets
30
Where are RBCs produced prenatally?
4
yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone barrow
31
Where are RBCs produced postnatally?
bone marrow and rarely liver and spleen if necessary
32
another name for hematopoiesis in bone marrow
medullary hematopoiesis
33
Which bones do most of hematopoiesis take place in?
vertebrae, ribs, sternum, pelvis
34
Where are bone marrow biopsies usually taken from?
iliac crest
35
What does macrophage in erythroblastic island do?
digests old RBCs and recyles iron into new RBCs
36
continuum of RBC development
37
What happens to color of cytoplasm as RBC is getting more mature?
cytoplasm gets more pink
38
how do erythroblast percursor Nucleoli stain with Wright's stain?
light blue
39
What stage in RBC development
proerythroblast
40
What stage in RBC development
basophilic erythroblast
41
What stage in RBC development
polychromatophilic erythroblast
42
What stage in RBC development
orthochromatophilic erythroblast
43
What stage of RBC development does nucleus get extruded?
orthochromatophilic erythroblast
44
label
45
What is PMN
polymorphonucleoar leukocyte
46
Granulocyte development
draw it
47
At what stage of granulocyte development do azurophilic granules form?
promyelocyte
48
At what stage of granulocyte development do specific granules form?
## Footnote
melocyte
49
What happens to golgi complex as granulocyte matures?
reduces
50
label
51
What kind of cell in development of granulocyte?
myeloblast
52
What kind of cell in development of granulocyte?
promyelocyte
53
What kind of cell in development of granulocyte?
neutrophilic myelocyte
54
What kind of cell in development of granulocyte?
Neutrophilic metamyelocyte
55
In which stage of granulocyte development does the nucleus most obviously become indented?
neutrophilic metamyelocyte
56
What are some enzymes that azurophilic granules contain?
7
myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, elastase, cathepsins, certain proteinases, phospholipase, beta glucoronidase, and mannosidase
57
What are some enzymes that neutrophils contain
collaginates, lysozyme, lactoferrin, phopholipase, complement activation factor, cathelcidin, akaline phosphatase
58
What are some enzymes that eosinophils contain
Major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil derived neurotoxin, eosinophil peroxidase cathespsin,
59
What are some enzymes that basophils contain
histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, peroxidase, platelet activating factor
60
which stages of RBC and leukocyte are visible in bone marrow
blast-mature
61
do megakaryoblast have lobed nuclei or platelets
no
62
What leads to lobed nucleus in megakryocytes?
endomitsosis
63
What are the two types of granules in platelets
alpha and dense/sigma
64
alpha granules contain what
growth factors, clotting proteins
65
What are the four layers of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
Startum Granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stranstum basale
66
How thick is the Stratum Basale?
one cell layer
67
Stratum Basale in skin is what classification of epithelial cell?
cuboidal or low columnar
68
Is Stratum Basale eosinophilic or basophilic? and why
basophilic b/c it has lots of ribosomes
69
What are the 4 substances that get erxcreted as waste via sweat glands
urea, salts, lactate, ammonia
70
Melanosomes are in which layer of epidermi?
stratum basale
71
Which layer of the epidermis is the thickest?
spinous layer/ stratum spinosum
72
Stratum Spinosum in skin is what classification of epithelial cell?
cuboidal or flattened cuboidal
73
In which layer of epidermis are there a lot of desmosomes to hold cells together?
stratum spinosum
74
what is the name for the bundles of keratin filaments
tonofibrils
75
Waht are tonofibrils connected to?
attachment plaques of desmosomes
76
how thick is granular layer?
1-3 flattened
77
What is the the name of the granules that compact tonofibrils together?
keratohyalin
78
Which layer of epidermis conan lamellar bodies?
startum granulosum
79
what are lamellar bodies?
membrane coating bodies
80
functiono f lamellar bodies
provide waterproofing for skin
81
desmosomes connect to what size/class of filaments
intermediate filaments
82
are there desmosomes in startum corneum?
deepest cells in this layer still have desmosomes
83
What is the extra layer in epidermis of thick skin?
Stratum Lucidum
84
What are melanocytes derived from?
neural crest cells
85
Melanocytes are in which layer of epidermis?
stratum basale
86
major difference between where Langerhans and melanocytes are found?
are not confined to stratum basale
87
Langerhans cells initiate what?
cutaneous hypersensitiviy reactions
88
function of Merkel's cell
mechanosensory recetpor that detects touch and pressure
89
Merkel's cells are modified \_\_\_\_\_\_
keratinocytes
90
Where do merkel's cell reside?
basal layer
91
3 types of skin cancer
basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma
92
Squamos cell affects which layer of epidermis?
spinous layer
93
Dermis is what kind of tissue?
connective tissue
94
What are the two layers of hte dermis?
papillay and reticular
95
Is papillary superificial or deep and what is the classification of the tissue?
superficial
loose CT
96
Papillary Layer contains:
5
bloos vessels
nerves
fibroblasts
mast cells and
macrophages
97
What is classification of tissue in Reticular layer?
dense irregular CT
98
t/f retiuclar layer has collagen and elastic
true
99
What is the classification of the tissue that makes up Hypodermis?
Loose CT
100
epidermal derivatives are usually found in which layer of the skin?
hypodermis
101
waht kind of tissue is hari follicle?
epithelial
102
What layer of skin nourishes the hair follicle?
dermal papilla
103
pilosebaceous unit is made up of what 3 things
sebaceous gland, hair follicle, arrector pilli
104
sebaceous glands use hwat method of secretion?
holocrine
105
sebaceous gland is what classification of gland
simple branched acinar
106
sweat gland is what classifiation of gland?
simple coiled tubular
107
sweat gland uses primarily what method of excretion
merocrine
108
what of cells in sweat glands expel secretions?
myoepithelial
109
secretory portion of sweat gland is what class of epithelium
duct of sweat gland is what kind of epithelium (how many layers)
simple cuboidal w/ myoepithelium
stratfied cuboidal epithelium ( 2 layers)
110
What are two types of sweat glands
merocrine/eccrine and apocrine
111
Where are apocrine sweat glands found?
axillary and anogenital regions?
112
how can you distinguish apocrine sweat glands from other glands?
they store secretions, so they have large lumens
113
secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain what?
pheromones
114
mammary galnd is a modified
sweat gland
115
t/f duct system of mammary glands is formed in both males and females
t
116
When do alveoli proliferate in the breast?
pregnancy
117
protein and antibodes portion of milk is secreted via which method?
merocrine
118
lipid component of milk secreted via which method?
apocrine
119
what kind of cell is responsible for milk let down?
myoepithelium
120
function of meissner's corpuscle?
receptor for fine touch and pressure
121
where is meissner's corpuscle located?
dermal papillae
122
function of pacinian corpuscle?
receptor for deep pressure and vibration
123
Where is Pacinian corpuscle located?
hypodermis or deep dermis
124
function of free nerve ending?
receptor for pain, temperature, and hair movement
125
What is this?
Meissner's Corpuscle
126
What is this?
Pacinian Corpuscle
127
What is this
nerve free ending
128
What is this?
langerhans
129
what is this?
Melanocyte
130
Nasal Cavity is part of which portion of the respiratory system (proximal conducting portion, distal conducting portion, respiratory portion)
proximal conducting
131
Paranasal sinuses are part of which portion of the respiratory system (proximal conducting portion, distal conducting portion, respiratory portion)
proximal conducting
132
Naso and oropharynx are part of which portion of the respiratory system (proximal conducting portion, distal conducting portion, respiratory portion)
proximal conducting portion
133
Larynx is part of which portion of the respiratory system (proximal conducting portion, distal conducting portion, respiratory portion)
proximal conducting portion
134
Vestibule has what kind of epithelium
stratified squamos
135
Trachea is part of which portion of the respiratory system (proximal conducting portion, distal conducting portion, respiratory portion)
distal conducting portion
136
Bronchi are part of which portion of the respiratory system (proximal conducting portion, distal conducting portion, respiratory portion)
distal conducting
137
Bronchioles
are part of which portion of the respiratory system (proximal conducting portion, distal conducting portion, respiratory portion)
distal conducting
138
lobar branches are what level of branching
secondary
139
What are brush cells
synaptic contact w/ afferent nerves...some receptor function
140
What are the 5 different types of cells in respiratory epithelium
1. pseudostratified columnar cells w/ cilia
2. Goblet cells
3. Brush cells
4. Neuroendocrine cells
5. Basal Stem Cells
141
what is the Lamina Propria?
a submucosal connective tissue layer
142
do bronchioles have cartilage
no
143
are there goblet cells in bronchioles?
no
144
What happens to epithelium type as you move down into the bronchiole
become more cuboidal
145
functions of clara cell
1. stem cell
2. reduces surface tension
146
What is this
clara cell
147
respiratory system is ciliated until which level?
respiratory bronchioles
148
respiratory bronchioles are part of which portion of the respiratory system (proximal conducting portion, distal conducting portion, respiratory portion)
respiratory
149
what defines a respiratory bronchiole?
Alveolar out pouching
150
clara cells are found at which level of the respiratory system
bronchioles
151
function of alveolar pores
equalize pressrue and allow collateral circulation of air b/w alveoli
152
types of cells in alveolar septum
4
1. endothelial
2. type 1 and 2 alveolar
3. interstitial
4. alveolar macrophages
153
are there more type I or II alveolar cells?
type II
154
which type of alveolar cell type I or II makes up the majority of the surface area of an alveolus?
type I
155
What type of cell is this
type 2 alveolar
156
how do pulmonary arteries travel
accompany bronchial branches
157
how do pulmonary veins travel
b/w lung segments
158
which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of the lungs
vagus nerve
159
which nerve provides sympathetic innervation of the lungs
cardiac nerves
160
161
