Quiz 3

Question 1

Stance Phase

Answer 1

62% of cycle in normal gait; composed of initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, and pre-swing

Question 2

Swing Phase

Answer 2

38% of cycle in normal gait; composed of initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing

Question 3

Initial Contact

Answer 3

the moment the foot contacts the ground; part of weight acceptance

Question 4

Initial Contact: Critical Event

Answer 4

heel first contact

Question 5

Initial Contact: ROM

Answer 5

hip in 20 degrees of flexion; knee and ankle at 0 degrees

Question 6

Initial Contact: Muscle Activity

Answer 6

Hip- extensors (isometric)
Knee- extensors (eccentric)
Ankle- dorsi flexors (eccentric)

Question 7

Loading Response

Answer 7

weight is transferred onto the limb; knee slightly flexed; mainly eccentric quad contractions; double limb support; part of weight acceptance

Question 8

Loading Response: Critical Event

Answer 8

controlled knee flexion

Question 9

Loading Response: ROM

Answer 9

hip- 20 degrees flexion
knee- 20 deg flexion
ankle- 10 deg flexion

Question 10

Loading Response: Muscle Activity

Answer 10

hip- extensors/abductors (isometric)
knee- extensors and
ankle- dorsiflexors
eccentric

Question 11

Mid-Stance

Answer 11

push up until your body is straight; body in a straight line; not much muscle activity; single limb support; weight falling forward

Question 12

Mid Stance: Critical Event

Answer 12

controlled tibial advancement; (body is straight up and down)

Question 13

Mid Stance: Muscle Activity

Answer 13

right when the calf will start working; from here until end of stance the calf is working at its hardest

Question 14

Terminal Stance:

Answer 14

progression continues moving the body forward of the limb and weight is transferred to the forefoot; largest torque demand; calf working a ton; single limb support

Question 15

Terminal Stance: Critical Event

Answer 15

controlled ankle dorsiflexion (maximum dorsiflexion)

Question 16

Terminal Stance: ROM

Answer 16

hip-20 degrees extension
Knee- 0
Ankle- 10 degrees dorsiflexion

Question 17

Terminal Stance; Muscular Activity

Answer 17

Hip- none
Knee- none
Ankle- plantar flexors eccentrically (controlled dorsiflexion)

Question 18

Pre-Swing

Answer 18

maximal plantar flexion (up on their toes and about to bring foot off the ground); the limb is unloaded quickly as weight is shifted to the opposite leg; part of swing limb advancement; knee bends

Question 19

Pre-Swing: critical event

Answer 19

knee flexion at 40 degrees

Question 20

pre-Swing: ROM

Answer 20

hip-none
knee- 40 degrees flexion
Ankle- 20 degrees plantar flexion (maximum)

Question 21

Pre-Swing: Muscle activity

Answer 21

hip- adductors (and passive hip flexion)
Knee- none
Ankle- none

Question 22

Initial Swing

Answer 22

where the reference limb is bisected by the non-reference limb; the foot comes off the ground and the femur begins to advance forward; concentric contractions begin!

Question 23

Initial Swing: Critical Event

Answer 23

knee at maximum flexion of 60 degrees

Question 24

Initial Swing: ROM

Answer 24

hip-10 deg flexion
knee- 60 deg flexion
ankle- 5 deg plantar flexion

Question 25

Initial Swing: Muscle Activity

Answer 25

hip-flexors (concentric) knee- flexors (concentric) ankle- dorsiflexors (concentric)

Question 26

Mid Swing

Answer 26

the knee begins to extend and the foot clears the ground as the femur continues to advance; the tibia is vertical

Question 27

Mid-Swing: Critical Event

Answer 27

vertical tibia; further hip flexion and foot dorsiflexion

Question 28

Mid-Swing: ROM

Answer 28

hip-20 degrees flexion knees- 30 deg flexion ankle- 0

Question 29

Mid-Swing: Muscle Activity

Answer 29

hip-flexors initially knee- extensors ankle- dorsiflexors all concentric

Question 30

Terminal Swing

Answer 30

the knee is fully extended as the lower extremity prepares to contact the ground; just like the initial contact but right before the heel hits the ground

Question 31

Terminal Swing: Critical Event

Answer 31

knee extension in neutral

Question 32

Terminal Swing: ROM

Answer 32

hip- 20 deg flexion knee- 0 ankle- 0

Question 33

Terminal Swing: muscle activity

Answer 33

hip- extensors (eccentric) knee- extensors (concentric) ankle- dorsiflexors (isometric)

Question 34

Weight Acceptance

Answer 34

includes initial contact and loading response when both feet are touching the ground; involves rapid loading of an outstretched limb; calf on non-reference leg works to slow down; initial double limb support

Question 35

Single Limb Support

Answer 35

the period when the body is supported by one limb and includes midstance and terminal stance

Question 36

Swing Limb Advancement

Answer 36

the limb is unloaded and moves from behind to the front of the body in preparation for the next step and includes pre-swing and all of the swing phases

Question 37

Cadence

Answer 37

men: 108 steps/minute women: 116 steps/min

Question 38

Walking Gait Velocity

Answer 38

80m/min (3.0 mph)