Quiz 3

Question 1

The larger the gradient, the _____ the water movement

Answer 1

faster

Question 2

Evaporation = most water loss by ______ organisms

Answer 2

terrestrial

Question 3

What happens to the gradient as moisture is added to the air?

Answer 3

less pronounced

Question 4

Where should evaporative coolers work best?

Answer 4

warm, dry climates

Question 5

What is Relative Humidity?

Answer 5

Water Vapor Density / Saturation Water Vapor Density x 100

Question 6

Amount of water vapor/ volume of air

Answer 6

Water Vapor Density

Question 7

In the _______, the air at the surface of the planet can hold a lot of water vapor (_______ saturation water vapor density) because the air is ______ in temperature.

Answer 7

tropics high warm

Question 8

What should a beetle do on a hot day to avoid evaporative water loss?

Answer 8

hide fam, just hide

Question 9

Greater % water in freshwater or ocean?

Answer 9

freshwater

Question 10

Isosmotic

Answer 10

same osmolarity as

Question 11

Hyperosmotic

Answer 11

tissue has higher concentration of solute than enviornment [fish is in hypotonic solution]

Question 12

Hyposmotic

Answer 12

tissue has lower concentration of solute than environment [fish is in hypertonic solution]

Question 13

Water movement between Soils and Plants moves down a _______ ________ _______.

Answer 13

Water potential gradient

Question 14

Water potential (Ψ(psi)) = ________

Answer 14

capacity of water to perform work.

Question 15

Water potential relates to water’s ability/likelihood to a. evaporate b. move c. enter the roots d. all of the above

Answer 15

d. all of the above

Question 16

in nature Ψ is usually…

Answer 16

negative

Question 17

2 major challenges for organisms on land:

Answer 17

• evaporative loss
• reduced acess to replacement

Question 18

Animal’s internal water (W_ia) = _______ - ________

Answer 18

Input sources

losses

Question 19

Osmosis, drinking, absorbing and metabolism are examples of what?

Answer 19

water gain

Question 20

Root development increases with ____ water availability

Answer 20

low

Question 21

Wide, shallow roots facilitate water collection from ________

Answer 21

heavy, infrequent rainfall

Question 22

How do Dune plants grow vs. non-dune plants?

Answer 22

• both grow with water
• When unwatered, however, dune plants grew large roots, but non-dune plants show poor growth

Question 23

What are the 2 ways organisms combat water scarcity?

Answer 23

1. water acquisition
2. water conservation

Question 24

How do waxy tree frogs conserve water?

Answer 24

secrete a fatty, waterproof covering

Question 25

How do lizards conserve water?

Answer 25

concentrate urine/ feces scales

Question 26

How do cactus prevent water loss?

Answer 26

* spikes to prevent getting eaten [which loses water] * having thick leaves [low SA/V ratio] * grow up [reduced sun exposure vs. growing wider]

Question 27

Organisms are classified by ________ levels.

Answer 27

trophic

Question 28

Inorganic sources of carbon and energy

Answer 28

autotroph

Question 29

Photosynthetic

Answer 29

* Carbon source: inorganic molecules * Energy source: sunlight

Question 30

Chemosynthetic

Answer 30

* carbon source: * energy source:

Question 31

What is the difference between trophic level and food web?

Answer 31

* **Trophic level** * where organism falls in food chain * **Food web** * better for looking into energy transfer in a population

Question 32

Prokaryotes are what level of tropic breakdown?

Answer 32

Heterotrophic Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic

Question 33

Protists are what types of trophic?

Answer 33

Heterotrophic Photosynthetic

Question 34

Plants are what types of trophic?

Answer 34

Mostly photosynthetic Some heterosynthetic

Question 35

Fungi are what types of trophic?

Answer 35

heterotrophic

Question 36

Animals are what types of trophic?

Answer 36

heterotrophic

Question 37

Particle of light that bears energy?

Answer 37

photon

Question 38

Light propagates through space as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_-

Answer 38

wave

Question 39

UV have _____ wavelength _____ energy

Answer 39

short high

Question 40

Infrared have _____ wavelength, ______ energy

Answer 40

long low

Question 41

Photosynthetic active radiation is between:

Answer 41

400 and 700 nanometers

Question 42

About \_\_\_% of light is absorbed

Answer 42

10

Question 43

**_C₃ plants_** * ? * ? * ? * ? \*look up more info.

Answer 43

lil bitches

Question 44

**_C₄ plants_** * where found? * sugar? * # stomata? * how do they do metabolism different? \*look up more info.

Answer 44

* Warm, sunny enviornments * Makes a 4-carbon sugar * Few; conserves water * PEP and diffusion and stuff

Question 45

**_CAM plants_** * Where found? * What does CAM stand for? * When is carbon fixation? * Photosynth. rates? \*look up more info.

Answer 45

* Arid/ semi-arid enviornments * Crassulacan Acid Metabolism * Carbon fixation takes place at night, to reduce water loss * Low rates of photosynthesis

Question 46

Organisms that live on the sea floor are often \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 46

chemosynthetic

Question 47

Where can heterosynthetic bacteria live deep in the ocean?

Answer 47

in invertebrates free-living