Quiz 4

Question 1

Physical environment limits the geographic distribution of a ______.

Answer 1

species

Question 2

For a population, does the physical environment limit geographic distribution?

Answer 2

nah

Question 3

Why TF do Kangaroos end up all over the dam place?

Answer 3

Climate

Question 4

Limited distributions may be ________ (direct/ indirect) determined by climate.

Answer 4

indirectly

Question 5

Close to the equator, where do Tiger beetles go to stay cool?

Answer 5

To the Mountains

Question 6

The tiger beetles have a constrained distribution, but why?

Answer 6

They are fairly widespread, but they must hike up the mountain to stay cool and safe.

Question 7

Encelia plant distributions correspond to _____ and ______.

Answer 7

temperature precipitation

Question 8

Why do we have fewer and fewer Balanus barnacle distribution in the upper intertidal zone?

Answer 8

not desiccation tolerant there’s competition from other Balanus species that are specialized for upper zones

Question 9

Why do we have fewer and fewer Balanus barnacle distribution in the lower intertidal zone?

Answer 9

theres fish down there fam, they’ll eat the shit of out young barnacles (larvae)

Question 10

Why is there less water at the tippy top of a mountain?

Answer 10

because water rolls down the dam hill MF

Question 11

Describe random distribution.

Answer 11

Equal chance of an organism to be anywhere

Question 12

Describe regular distribution. What’s the alternate name for this?

Answer 12

Exclusive use of areas; individuals avoid one another Uniform

Question 13

Describe a clumped distribution.

Answer 13

unequal chance of being anywhere organisms are perhaps clustered around a valuable resource

Question 14

Traditional theory of the distribution of desert shrubs.

Answer 14

Originally thought: Competition underground by the roots New research: the distribution goes from clumped to regular distribution

Question 15

Young shrubs clumped for 3 reasons:

Answer 15

• seeds germinate at safe sites - seeds not dispersed from parent areas - asexual reproduction

Question 16

After digging up root systems, we found that the root systems were not ______, and instead were ______.

Answer 16

circular overlapped extensively in only 4% of the area

Question 17

What did Dr. (dooky) Brown notice about bird distributions?

Answer 17

He noticed that Christmas birds showed clumped, widespread distributions. He also noticed that only a small proportion of the clumped sites had a large amount of bird sightings

Question 18

Plant and animal density _____ with increased size.

Answer 18

decreases

Question 19

Rabinowitz “commonness” classification is based on 3 factors: 1. ? 2. ? 3. ?

Answer 19

1. Geographic range 2. Habitat tolerance 3. Local population size

Question 20

What is rarity 1? [based on “commonness”]

Answer 20

• extensive range - broad habitat tolerance - small local populations ex) peregrine

Question 21

What is rarity 2? [based on “commonness”]

Answer 21

• extensive range - narrow habitat tolerance - large populations ex) carrier pigeon

Question 22

What is rarity 3? [based on “commonness”]

Answer 22

• restricted range - narrow habitat tolerance - small populations ex) california condor

Question 23

Numerical responses to increased prey availability

Answer 23

Holling

Question 24

Increased prey density leads to increased _____ density

Answer 24

predator

Question 25

Stream dwellers have adaptations for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. List 3 of them.

Answer 25

maintaining position Streamlined, bottom-dwelling and adhesion

Question 26

Groups of organisms that are washed downstream

Answer 26

spates

Question 27

What type of table is described below? Proportion skulls in each age class represented typical proportion of individuals dying at that age

Answer 27

Static life table

Question 28

What is the difference between Cohort life table, Static life table and Age distribution?

Answer 28

* Cohort life table - recording deaths of organisms born at same time * Static life table - recording deaths of organisms at one given period * Age distribution - record proportion of organisms at each age

Question 29

The sheep skull project showed which type of table?

Answer 29

static life table

Question 30

What are the 3 different survivorship curves?

Answer 30

* Type 1: death at the end of a life span * Type 2: equal chance of death at any time in their lives; constant rate of mortality * Type 3: death at the beginning of life span

Question 31

What type of population density would aggressive bees show?

Answer 31

Uniform

Question 32

How did desert shrubs shift from being clumped to regular distribution?

Answer 32

As plants grow, some individuals in clumps die, reducing clumping Competition among remaining plants leads to higher mortality Eventually, regular distributions result

Question 33

Species least threatened by extinction? - Geographic range is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - The habitat tolerance is \_\_\_\_\_\_. - Local populations are often \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 33

extensive broad large

Question 34

The permanent movement of an individual

Answer 34

Dispersal

Question 35

When finches destroy stigmas ....

Answer 35

flowers cannot be fertilized \*\*\*\*\* add more

Question 36

For cactus flowers, damage increases when the number of plants is \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 36

lower

Question 37

Which organism should have highest intrinsic rates of increase?

Answer 37

smaller hittahs

Question 38

Population

Answer 38

\*\*hey

Question 39

What is this distribution called?

Answer 39

Poisson

Question 40

Reflects history of survival & reproduction, plus ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 40

Growth potential

Question 41

Birth Rate = Fecundity schedule:

Answer 41

young born / females birth rates by age class

Question 42

How do you use this formula? (what do the letters represent?) * Geometric Rate of Increase * **Lambda = N_t+1 / N_t**

Answer 42

* N_t+1 represents size of population at future time * N_t = size of population at some earlier time

Question 43

How would you describe metapopulations? How would you describe sources and sinks?

Answer 43

* **Metapopulation = population of populations** * although smaller populations may be more at risk for extinction, the presence of other nearby populations allow some room for immigration between them * **Source** is the origin, **Sink** is when a source organisms populates a new place

Question 44

Type of growth in which generations do not overlap

Answer 44

geometric growth

Question 45

An elephant is a good example of what type of growth?

Answer 45

geometric growth; looks step wise on a graph

Question 46

When overlapping generations are present we see that as population size increases, the rate of increase \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. What type of growth is associated with overlapping generations?

Answer 46

Increases Exponential growth

Question 47

K = ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 47

carrying capacity

Question 48

Environment limits population growth by altering ______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 48

birth rates death rates

Question 49

Example of a density-dependent factor? Example of a density-independent factor?

Answer 49

* disease, resource competition * natural disasters

Question 50

In cactus finches: * it was found that when cactus flowers are abundant, damage by finches is \_\_\_\_. * Damage increases when flower abundance is \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 50

low low