Quiz 3 Prep- Instrumental conditioning

Question 1

Instrumental conditioning

Answer 1

Explicit training to learn the behavior between voluntary behavior and consequences

Question 2

Examples of instrumental conditioning

Answer 2

• Getting burned touching a hot stove
• Messing with bull get the horns
• Misbehave in JK causes time out

Question 3

Who studied cats in a puzzle box

Answer 3

Edward Thorndike

Question 4

What was the purpose of Edward Thordike’s experiment

Answer 4

To put a focus on overt behavior not mental elements or conscious experiences

Question 5

What did Thorndike’s experiment consist of

Answer 5

placed the food outside of the cage of cat and recorded the time it took to escape

Question 6

Did cats have conscious learning

Answer 6

No they learned from trial and error

Question 7

Define the law of effect

Answer 7

Behaviors with positive consequences are stamped in and those with negative consequences are stamped out

Question 8

What’s another name for instrumental conditioning

Answer 8

Operant conditioning

Question 9

Why is it called operant conditioning

Answer 9

Due to overt behaviors operated by the actor leading to a reinforcer

Question 10

Define reinforcer

Answer 10

Any stimulus that is presented after a response that impacts the frequency that the response formed

Question 11

What does reward training present

Answer 11

A positive reinforcer to encourage a behavior

Question 12

What does punishment training present

Answer 12

A negative reinforcer to discourage a behavior

Question 13

Why can punishment training be an issue

Answer 13

Fear and distress is inflicted onto the recipient and authority figure will become a symbol of fear and distress

Question 14

What is the removal of a positive reinforcer called

Answer 14

Omission training

Question 15

What needs to be presented to increase behavior

Answer 15

Positive reinforcer

Question 16

What needs to be presented to decrease behavior

Answer 16

Negative reinforcer

Question 17

What needs to be removed to increase behavior

Answer 17

Negative reinforcer

Question 18

What needs to be removed to decrease behavior

Answer 18

Positive reinforcer

Question 19

Define omission training

Answer 19

Removes a positive reinforcer to discourage bad behavior

Question 20

Are punishment and omission training the same

Answer 20

NO

Question 21

Define punishment

Answer 21

Presentation of a negative reinforcer to discourage unwanted behavior

Question 22

Define escape training

Answer 22

Removes a negative reinforcer to encourage a new behavior

Question 23

Example of escape training

Answer 23

Completing homework allows child to avoid chores

Question 24

How is timing relevant to behavior

Answer 24

“Punishment” and response should be close in time to form the contingency

Question 25

Define acquisition

Answer 25

Learning the contingency between the response and its consequence

Question 26

Define autoshaping

Answer 26

Learning without direct guidance

Question 27

What does autoshaping reward

Answer 27

Rewards spontaneous behaviour related to a target behaviour

Question 28

Define shaping

Answer 28

Used for behaviors that are too complex to be autoshaped

Question 29

What does shaping reward

Answer 29

Rewards successive steps towards a target behaviour

Question 30

What strategy is used in animal training

Answer 30

Shaping

Question 31

Define chaining

Answer 31

A technique used to develop a sequence of behavior, where each behavior is reinforced with the opportunity to perform the next behavior in a sequence

Question 32

Example of where chaining is used

Answer 32

Learning the alphabet

Question 33

How are shaping and chaining different

Answer 33

Shaping reinforces behavior only for improvement and chaining reinforces as long as it is done in a correct order

Question 34

Define S+/SD

Answer 34

Indicates when a contingency is valid (response= reinforcement)

Question 35

Give example of S+/SD

Answer 35

Child eating veggies at parent’s home in return for dessert

Question 36

Define S- /S delta

Answer 36

Child knows eating veggies will not result in dessert at grandma's house

Question 37

What types of schedules can partial reinforcement follow

Answer 37

Either ratio or interval

Question 38

Define ratio schedules

Answer 38

Rewarded for every ratio of response

Question 39

Define interval schedules

Answer 39

Reward depends on last time reinforced

Question 40

Why can fixed ratio schedules be ineffective

Answer 40

The reward is too high (demanding)

Question 41

What pattern do ratio schedules follow

Answer 41

Pause and run pattern

Question 42

Describe graph of a fixed interval schedule

Answer 42

There is a low period following reinforcement to rest, before it peaks again leading up to reinforcement

Question 43

Define a variable ratio schedule

Answer 43

Response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 44

Examples of variable ratio schedule

Answer 44

Gambling and lottery tickets

Question 45

What do variable ratio schedules support

Answer 45

High response rate of behavior

Question 46

What has a higher slope, VR-40 or VR-10? And why?

Answer 46

VR-40 because V-10 gets rewarded more frequently, therefore perform better

Question 47

Define variable interval schedules

Answer 47

Reinforcement is given to a response after an unpredictable amount of time has passed (varies)

Question 48

Examples of variable interval schedules

Answer 48

Pop quizzes

Question 49

Define extinction

Answer 49

Stopping of a desired behavior once reinforcement is no longer given

Question 50

What happens once reinforcement is stopped in a continuous schedule

Answer 50

Person will be aware and stop responding immediately

Question 51

What happens once reinforcement is stopped in a partial schedule

Answer 51

Person will not immediately notice abrupt change and will most likely continue behavior

Question 52

Is continuous or partial more resistant to extinction

Answer 52

Partial