Quiz 6- Categories and Concepts Flashcards
(29 cards)
Define attention
Helps focus finite mental resources on key parts of active scene
Define memory
Recalls certain thoughts and behaviours appropriate to current needs
How do we quickly process incoming stiumuli
We organize them into categories
3 characteristics of categorization
- seamless
- ever occuring
- intuitive
What are the 3 functions of categorization
Classification, understanding, communication
Define classification
Ability to treat dissimilar objects together in the same group
Example of classification
Variation between red, green and yellow apples are all classified as apples
Define understanding
Ability to evaluate a situation and act appropriately based on previous experience
Example of understanding
Two people fighting as private conflict, we understand they don’t need our opinion
Define illusion of the expert
The feeling that a task must be simple for everyone because it is simple for oneself
Example of illusion of the expert
Tying shoes is easy for you, but difficult for a kid
What did Lee Brooks ask his students
To categorize what defines furniture
Do rules represent categorization?
No, humans have internal representation of categories which are independent of explicit rules to define membership
Define the prototype theory
We categorize objects by comparing them to an internal “best” representation of a given category
Give example of the prototype theory
When a fruit is mentioned you think of apples, when flowers are mentioned you think of roses
Do prototypes always exist?
No, they represent an average of all personal experience
What does prototype theory rely on?
Internal category representation
What can’t the prototype theory explain?
Why internal representations change over time
Define exemplar theory
We categorize objects by comparing them to every previously stored experience (exemplar) in a given category
How do diagnostics use exemplar theory categorization
Determine appropriate treatment for disease
- Diagnoses influenced by more recent experiences is evidence for exemplar theory
Which theory explains simpler categorization better
Prototype
Do prototype and exemplar theory explain why we respond faster to more representative objects?
Yes
Can prototype theory explain why a single encounter changes categorization patterns
No
Can exemplar theory explain why a single encounter changes categorization patterns
Yes
