Quiz 5 [CH 18 + 19] Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
bones of the shoulder (3)
A
-clavicle
-scapula
-humerus
2
Q
articulations of the shoulder (4)
A
-sternoclavicular joint
-acromioclavicular joint
-glenohumeral joint
-scapulothoracic joint
3
Q
muscles of the shoulder
A
-rotator cuff (see next flashcard)
-deltoid
-trapezius
-rhomboids
-lats
-serratus anterior
4
Q
rotator cuff muscles (4)
A
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor
-subscapularis
5
Q
ligaments of the shoulder (1)
A
acromioclavicular ligament
6
Q
palpations of the shoulder
A
-scapula
-clavicle
-sternoclavicular joint
-acromioclavicular joint
-humerus
7
Q
palpations of the scapula
A
-spine of scapula
-medial border
-lateral border
8
Q
prevention of shoulder injuries
A
-for overhead athletes, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the rotator cuff muscles
-scapular stabilization strengthening exercises help provide a base for the highly mobile GH joint
-proper falling technique
9
Q
what muscles are targeted by scapular stabilization strengthening exercises
A
-serratus anterior
-middle trap
-lower trap
10
Q
____ is required for distal mobility
A
proximal stability
11
Q
phases of correct throwing technique (5)
A
-wind up phase
-cocking phase
-acceleration phase
-deceleration phase
-follow-through phase
12
Q
throwing- wind up phase
A
-preparation phase
-lead leg strides forward
-shoulder starts to abduct + externally rotate
13
Q
throwing- cocking phase
A
-begins when hands separate
-ends with shoulder in maximal external rotation
14
Q
throwing- acceleration phase
A
-lasts from maximal external rotation until the ball releases
15
Q
throwing- deceleration phase
A
-lasts from ball release until max shoulder internal rotation
-shoulder external rotators contract eccentrically to decelerate the humerus
16
Q
throwing- follow-through phase
A
-lasts from maximum shoulder internal rotation until the end of motion, when there is a balanced position
17
Q
assessing the shoulder complex- history
A
-what happened to cause the pain?
-where is the pain located?
-is there a feeling of weakness or a sense of fatigue?
-what shoulder movements or positions seem to aggravate or relieve the pain?
18
Q
assessing the shoulder complex- observation
A
-anterior, lateral, + posterior
-obvious deformity?
-one shoulder higher?
-shoulders rounded?
-scapular movement
19
Q
assessing the shoulder complex- palpation
A
-point tenderness
-abnormal swelling/lumps
-muscle spasm/guarding + trigger points
-palpate anteriorly + posteriorly
20
Q
clavical fx- cause
A
-fall on an outstretched arm
-fall on the tip of the shoulder
-direct impact
21
Q
clavicle fx- signs
A
-injured clavicle appears lower on the affected side
-palpation may reveal swelling, point tenderness, + mild deformity
22
Q
clavicle fx- care
A
-immediately immobilize; continue for 6-8 weeks
-surgery may be required
23
Q
humerus fx- cause
A
-direct blow
-falling on an outstretched hand
-dislocation
-car accident
24
Q
humerus fx- signs
A
-pain
-inability to move the arm
-swelling
25
humerus fx- care
-x-ray needed to confirm diagnosis
-immediate application of splint + sling
-immediate referral
26
sternoclavicular joint sprain- cause
-uncommon in sport
-indirect force transmitted through the humerus
-direct impact to the clavicle
27
sternoclavicular joint sprain- signs
-depends on grade of injury
-pain
-swelling
-inability to abduct shoulder through full ROM
28
sternoclavicular joint sprain- care
-immobilization maintained for 3-5 weeks
-high reoccurrence rate
29
acromioclavicular joint sprain- cause
-fall on an outstretched arm
-direct impact to the tip of the shoulder
30
acromioclavicular joint sprain- signs
-discomfort
-obvious deformity
-point tenderness
-loss of ROM
31
acromioclavicular joint sprain- care
-POLICE
-immobilization
-referral for further imaging
32
glenohumeral dislocations- cause
-forced abduction with external rotation
-landing on an outstretched arm
33
glenohumeral dislocations- signs
-obvious deformity
-moderate to severe pain + disability
34
glenohumeral dislocations- care
-immediate immobilization using a sling
-shoulder must be reduced
-further imaging for potential fx
35
shoulder impingement syndrome- cause
-repetitive compression of shoulder structures (biceps tendon, supraspinatus, etc.)
-throwing, swimming, serving a tennis ball, spiking a volleyball, etc.
-anatomy
36
shoulder impingement syndrome- signs
-diffuse pain around the acromion
-painful arc in the ROM between 70-120 degrees of abduction
-tightness in the joint capsule
37
shoulder impingement syndrome- care
-POLICE
-rotator cuff strengthening
-stretching posterior capsule
38
rotator cuff strain- cause
-most often involves the supraspinatus muscle
-overhead throwing
39
rotator cuff strain- signs
-pain with muscle contraction
-tenderness on palpation
-loss of strength
40
rotator cuff strain- care
-POLICE
-progressive strengthening exercises
-reduce activity
41
subacromial bursitis- cause
-direct impact
-shoulder impingement
42
subacromial bursitis- signs
-pain with moving shoulder
-swelling
-tenderness during palpation
43
subacromial bursitis- care
-cryotherapy
-anti-inflammatory medication
44
biceps tenosynovitis- cause
-repeated stretching of bicep tendon
45
biceps tenosynovitis- signs
-tenderness in the anterior upper arm
-pain during overhead activities
46
biceps tenosynovitis- care
-POLICE
-anti-inflammatory medications
47
labral tears- cause
-GH dislocation
-fall on an oustretched hand
-throwing motion
48
are labral tears acute or chronic
can be both
49
labral tears- signs
-"deep" pain
-constant aching
50
labral tears- care
-NSAIDs
-activity modification
-therapy
-possible surgery
51
bones of the elbow joint (3)
-radius
-ulna
-humerus
52
articulations of the elbow joint
-humeroulnar joint
-humeroradial joint
-radioulnar joint
53
ligaments of the elbow joint
-annular ligament
-radial collateral ligament
-ulnar collateral ligament
54
muscles of the elbow joint (4)
-biceps brachii
-brachialis
-brachioradialis
-triceps
55
assessing elbow injuries- history
-is this a new injury or is this a chronic problem?
-was there direct trauma?
-is there any tingling or numbness radiating down the forearm?
56
assessing elbow injuries- observation
-increased carrying angle
-decreased ROM
-obvious deformity
-swelling
57
assessing elbow injuries- palpation
palpate the bony aspects including:
-epicondyles
-olecranon
-proximal radius + ulna
58
special test for elbow
valgus stress test (UCL)
59
olecranon bursitis- cause
-direct blow
-falling on the tip of the elbow
60
olecranon bursitis- signs
-pain
-swelling
-point tenderness
61
olecranon bursitis- care
-ice + compression
-padding to the area
62
elbow sprains- cause
-hyperextension
-forces that bend or twist the lower arm outward (valgus force)
-most common sprain = UCL
63
most common elbow sprain
UCL
64
elbow sprains- signs
-pain
-inability to throw
-point tenderness over ligament
65
elbow sprains- care
-ice + compression
-sling at 90 degrees of flexion
-unstable or complete tairs need Tommy John Surgery (UCL repair)
66
UCL repair surgery name
Tommy John Surgery
67
lateral epicondylitis- cause
-aka tennis elbow
-repetitive forceful extension of the wrist causing irritation to the tendons attachment of the extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle
68
what diagnosis is "tennis elbow"
lateral epicondylitis
69
lateral epicondylitis- signs
-aching pain at lateral epicondyle
-tenderness + weakness
-pain on resisted extension of the wrist
70
lateral epicondylitis- care
-POLICE
-NSAIDs
-stretching
71
medial epicondylitis- cause
-aka golfer's elbow
-overuse injury
72
what diagnosis is "golfer's elbow"
medial epicondylitis
73
medial epicondylitis- signs
-pain with forced flexion
-point tenderness
-some cases swelling
74
medial epicondylitis- care
-rest
-ice
-counterforce brace applied just below the joint
75
elbow osteochondritis dissecans- cause
-unknown
-potential impairment of the blood supply can lead to separation of portions of articular catilage + bone creating loose bodies
76
elbow osteochondritis dissecans- signs
-locking of the elbow joint
-loss of ROM
77
elbow osteochondritis dissecans- care
surgical removal
78
ulnar nerve injuries- cause
-athletes with pronounced outward angle may develop a nerve friction problem
-impingement
79
ulnar nerve injuries- signs
-paresthesia to the 4th and 5th fingers
-weakness
-lack of grip strength
80
ulnar nerve injuries- care
-conservative management
-avoiding stress to elbow
81
elbow dislocations- cause
-falling on an outstretched arm with the elbow hyperextended
-severe twist while the elbow is flexed
82
elbow dislocations- signs
-obvious deformity
-olecranon process extends backward
-severe pain + disability
83
elbow dislocations- care
immobilizing splint + referral for reduction as soon as possible
84
elbow fractures- cause
-fall on outstretched hand
-direct blow
85
elbow fractures- signs
-obvious deformity
-swelling
86
elbow fractures- care
-ice + sling
-immediate referral
87
bones of the forearm (2)
-radius
-ulna
88
radius/ulna is on thumb side
radius
89
flexor muscles of forearm (2)
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-flexor carpi radialis
90
extensor muscles of forearm (2)
-extensor carpi ulnaris
-extensor carpi radialis
91
assessing the forearm- history
-what caused the injury?
-loss of function?
-what were the symptoms at the time of the injury?
-did symptoms occur later?
92
assessing the forearm- observation
-visually inspect entire forearm
-look for obvious deformities
93
assessing the forearm- palpation
palpated at injury site + areas distant
94
forearm strains- cause
overuse (repeated contractions)
95
forearm strains- signs
-dull aching pain in muscles
-pain throwing or with daily activities
96
forearm strains- care
-treat the symptoms
-cryotherapy
-increase strength
97
colles' fracture- cause
-involves lower distal end of radius
-fall on outstretched hand with an extended wrist forcing the forearm backwards + upwards into hyperextension
98
colles' fracture- signs
-visible deformity
-numbness/tinglingn
-pain
99
colles' fractures- care
-splint the injury
-check pulse
-sling + refer for x-ray
100
proximal radial head fracture- cause
FOOSH
101
proximal radial head fracture- care
-non-op = immobilization followed by ROM exercises
-op = ORIF surgery
101
proximal radial head fracture- signs
-pain + tenderness along the lateral aspect of the elbow
-limited ROM, especially in pronation + supination
102
bones of wrist/hand/fingers (3)
-carpals
-metacarpals
-phalanges
103
carpal bones (8)
-scaphoid
-lunate
-triquetrum
-pisiform
-trapezium
-trapezoid
-capitate
-hamate
104
assessing the wrist/hand/fingers- history
-what increases or decreases the pain?
-any feelings of weakness?
-what therapy or medications, if any, have been given?
105
assessing the wrist/hand/fingers- observation
arm + hand symmetry
106
assessing the wrist/hand/fingers- palpation
-bones of wrist palpated for any pain + deformity
-MCP joint
-phalanges
107
wrist sprain- cause
-abnormal or forced movement of the wrist
-falling on hyperextended wrist
108
wrist sprain- signs
-pain
-swelling
-difficulty moving wrist
109
wrist sprain- care
-POLICE
-x-ray to rule out fracture
110
carpal tunnel syndrome- cause
-inflammation of the tendons + synovial sheath within the anterior aspect of the wrist
-repeated wrist flexion
111
carpal tunnel syndrome- signs
-numbness + tingling
-weakness
112
carpal tunnel syndrome- care
-rest + immobilization
-if condition continues-> corticosteroid injection or surgery
113
scaphoid fracture- cause
-most frequently fractured carpal bone
-fall on an oustretched hand
114
scaphoid fracture- signs
-snuffbox tenderness
-swelling + pain
115
scaphoid fracture- care
-referred for x-ray
-cast immobilization for 6 weeks
116
where does snuffbox tenderness occur
bottom of thumb
117
hamate fracture- signs
-wrist pain
-weakness + tenderness
-possible tingling + numbness
117
hamate fracture- cause
commonly occurs from contact when holding sports equipment such as a baseball bat
118
hamate fracture- care
casting +/or padding
119
wrist ganglion- cause
-usually appears slowly after repeated forced hyperextension of the wrist
-most often appears on the back of the wrist
120
wrist ganglion- signs
-pain at lump site
-pain with wrist extension
121
wrist ganglion- care
combination of aspiration + chemical cauterization
122
boxer's fracture
fx of 5th metacarpal
123
boxer's fracture- cause
direct axial force by punching a wall or another person
124
boxer's fracture- signs
-palpable defect in shaft of 5th metacarpal
-knuckle appears depressed or sunken
125
boxer's fracture- care
-referred for x-ray
-immobilization for 3-4 weeks
126
mallet finger- cause
-baseball or basketball finger
-blow to the tip of the finger
127
mallet finger- signs
-inability to fully extend finger
-pain at distal interphalangeal joint
-point tenderness
128
mallet finger- care
-POLICE
-x-ray to rule out fracture
-splint
129
boutonniere deformity- cause
-rupture of the extensor tendon over the middle phalanx
-forces DIP into extension + PIP into flexion
130
boutonniere deformity- signs
-inability to extend PIP joint (textbook may be incorrect)
-swelling
-pain
131
boutonniere deformity- care
splinting PIP into extension
132
jersey finger- cause
-rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus from its insertion into the distal phalanx
-most often occurs at the ring finger when the athlete tries to grab the jersey of an opponent
133
jersey finger- signs
-the DIP cannot be flexed
-finger stuck in extension
134
jersey finger- care
tendon must be surgically repaired
135
gamekeeper's thumb- cause
-sprain of UCL ligament of the thumb
-forceful abduction of the proximal phalanx
136
gamekeeper's thumb- signs
-pain over UCL
-tenderness + swelling over the medial aspect of the thumb
137
gamekeeper's thumb- care
-x-ray to rule out fracture
-splinting of the thumb for at least a 3-week period
138
dislocation of the phalanges- cause
blow to the finger by a ball
139
dislocation of the phalanges- signs
-obvious deformity
-pain + swelling
140
dislocation of the phalanges- care
-reduction of the finger
-x-ray to rule out fracture
-splinted for 3 weeks in 30 degrees of flexion
-when returning to play, athlete should be buddy taped
