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Large Animal Med > Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Quiz 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

transmissible gastroenteritis

A

Most deadly and most feared of baby pig diarrhea
Lose most pigs farrowed over 2-3 week period
Etiology: coronavirus- appears like petals under microscope
Infection occurs via ingestion
Virus easily destroyed by detergents and inactivated by warm attempts, drying and sunlight
Virus resistant to acid and survives well in cold, dark environments, survives indefinitely when frozen
Has affinity for S.I cells, virus multiples and cells explode resulting in severe villus atrophy which decreases absorption and digestion

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2
Q

Tge clinical signs

A

Newborn pigs:
-severe, diarrhea starts 18-30 hours after exposure. Born healthy and see signs the next day. Immediate diarrhea is not GE
-first clinical sign is always vomiting followed by thin and watery diarrhea (yellowish puddles). Pigs become thirsty and dehydrated, they drink water
-highly sensitive to chilling and are difficult to save <2 weeks of age
> 3 weeks
-mild disease, vomiting, fluids diarrhea 1-3 days
Sows
-fever, vomiting, anorexia

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3
Q

TGE diagnosis

A

History, histopathology, fluoresecent Ab test

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4
Q

TGE prevention

A

Vaccines not effective, use natural planned infection
Sanitation concerns are extremely important
Often seen in winter and spread via swine, man, starlings

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5
Q

TGE treatment

A

Fluids (H20, electrolytes)
Increase temperature > 90 F
Planned infection

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6
Q

Swine coccidiosis

A

Contributes to 10-15% of all baby pig scours
8/9 species are genus eimeria
Microscopic, species specific, single called Protozoa that invades intestinal lining
Infects pigs 7-10 days of age- yellow to light green fluid feces
Pigs scour for 4-10 days and severity depends on degree of infection
Severe infection results in dehydration and mortality around 30-70%

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7
Q

Swine coccidiosis diffential

A

E. Coli (happens earlier on)
TGE (vomiting)
Rotavirus (3 week old diarrhea, white)

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8
Q

Swine coccidiosis diagnosis

A

Discovery of oocysts in feces, necropsy/ histopathology and history

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9
Q

Swine coccidiosis treatment

A

No federally licensed or approved for swine, several sulfa drugs that have been of value, prevention more effective then treatment

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10
Q

Swine coccidiosis prevention

A

Good sanitation- oocysts are shed in feces
Clean sows prior to entering farrowing
All in all out farrowing
Steam cleaning and 5-10% solution of soapy ammonia will remove and decrease numbers of infective oocysts

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11
Q

Rotavirus diarrhea

A

Very resistant to decreased pH and disinfectants enabling survival for long periods of time under normal conditions
Affects pigs 1-6 weeks old
“Milk scours”/ white scours/ 3 week old scour
More pigs get this diseases at 3 weeks due to decrease in maternal ab and dilution of Ab due to pigs ingesting creep feed and water
Sows not sick with this disease
Early weaned pigs more susceptible to severe infection
Initial or reaper infectious disrupt intestinal lining, 3-7 days post weaning. Concurrent E. Coli infection increases mortality
Continuous farrowing, buildup or organisms, results in infection of younger animals

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12
Q

Rotavirus diarrhea clinical signs

A

Initially liquid white stool, then turns creamy/ pasty
Undigested milk in the intestine, milk curd is in stomach
Transient diarrhea usually self correcting, mild disease characterized by short term diarrhea
Increased mortality when simultaneous infectious with E.Coli, TGE, clostridia, coccidiosis, decrease intake of immune milk or stresses such as chilling

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13
Q

Rotavirus diarrhea diagnosis

A

Lab, submit intestinal sections

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14
Q

Rotavirus diarrhea prevention

A

Optimal management conditions
Not blood Ab levels but continual milk Ab present

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15
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Etiology: toxoplasma gondii- Protozoa parasite
ZOONOTIC
Caused by consumption of undercooked pork
Cats are definitive hosts for parasite
Infection during pregnancy results in infection of fetus
Easily killed by cooking, freezing, or irradiation

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16
Q

Toxoplasmosis clinical signs

A

Most signs are minor and disease is sub clinical
Pigs born sick/ dead or become sick 3 hours after birth
#1 sign is labored breathing, fever, general weakness, diarrhea, nervous signs, and occasionally loss of vision
Mummified or stillborn pigs also result

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17
Q

Toxoplasmosis diagnosis

A

Serum antibody test; dead pig necropsy and histopathology

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18
Q

Toxoplasmosis prevention

A

Keep cats out of swine barns, feed and water
Remove dead pigs to prevent cannibalism
Rodents should be controlled
Never feed uncooked garbage to pigs

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19
Q

Salmonella choleraesuis

A

Gram negative bacteria that lives with or without oxygen
S. Choleraesuis causes 70-90% of salmonella cases in pigs
S. Typhimurium causes 10-30% of other cases
ZOONOTIC
Live vaccine on the way, MLV effectively utilized

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20
Q

Salmonella choleraesuis outbreak causes

A

Poor sanitation
Commingling
Overcrowding
Transportation
Inclement weather
Nutritional changes
Parasitism
Aflatoxins in feed
Concurrent disease

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21
Q

Salmonella choleraesuis clinical signs

A

Acute septicemia, diarrhea, death without for warning signs. Anorexic, lethargic, shallow cough, Pyrexia, and neurologic involvement

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22
Q

Salmonella choleraesuis diagnosis

A

Lab isolation and identification of organism

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23
Q

Salmonella choleraesuis treatment

A

Proper systemic antibiotics, remove and isolate all sick pigs, thorough cleaning of pens, water bowls, etc. Decrease stress, ample and clean water supply, dry clean and well-ventilated pens

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24
Q

Swine arthritis

A

Major factor in swine lameness
Disease results from injection of joints
Leading cause of loss at slaughter
Low mortality, slower and less efficient gains, lowers adult performance
Etiology: streptococcus suits- acute or chronic
“Joint ill” found in baby pigs with navel infection
Rough flooring/ bedding material causes abrasions of legs and increased invasion by organisms
Morbidity

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25
Swine arthritis clinical signs
Pyrexia, roughened hair coat depression, lameness, and weight loss. One or several joints may be involved
26
Swine arthritis diagnosis
Sudden lameness, joint enlargement, fever especially in pigs 1-3 weeks old
27
Swine arthritis treatment
Penicillin, lincocin, C/S Auto genius or commercially available vaccine
28
Erysipelas arthritis
Etiology: erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, gram + bacteria Acute, subacute and/ or chronic disease Chronic form: arthritic, endocarditis, inflammation of heart valves, diamond skin disease Sudden death of pigs 1-3 weeks old
29
Erysipelas arthritis clinical signs
Temp 104-108 F, anorexic, stiff,lame, reluctant to move and shifting leg lamenesss
30
Erysipelas arthritis diagnosis
Isolation of organism from joint Tap joint
31
Erysipelas arthritis treatment
Penicillin and antiserum if has acute outbreak
32
Erysipelas arthritis prevention
Vaccinate sow herd and pigs Very common, almost everyone vaccinate for
33
Mycoplasma arthritis
Affects pigs 3-10 weeks of age Acute lameness, shifting leg lameness
34
Mycoplasma arthritis prevention
Increase manager skill Minimize unnecessary stress
35
Mycoplasma arthritis diagnosis
Isolation of organism from joint
36
Mycoplasma arthritis treatment
Tylan 200, lincocin
37
Streptococcus suis
Most common cause of meningitis in pigs submitted to diagnostic labs Arthritis in 2 week old pig Meningitis, sudden death, fading piglet syndrome (die 12-24 hrs after birth) due to septicemia, arthritis, myocardia’s
38
Streptococcus suis diagnosis
Culture bacteria out of joints, brain, etc
39
Streptococcus suis treatment
Antibiotics (penicillin), fluids, management factors
40
Streptococcus suis prevention
Vaccines and SPF herds (dont have anything) Zoonotic certain strains cause flu-like symptoms which can result in permanent hearing loss
41
Pseudorabies
Mad itch Etiology: herpes virus Swine natural hosts of this disease, dead end hosts in other species Spread via direct contact When infection occurs, quarantine of premises occur
42
Pseudorabies diagnosis
Lab testing
43
Pseudorabies clinical signs
Pigs < 3 weeks -sudden death, vomiting, anorexic, Temp= >105F Pigs 3 weeks- 5 months old -minimal signs, vomiting Mature pig -usually not severe, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation SYMPTOMS VARY
44
Atrophic rhinitis
Etiology: bodetella bronchiseptica Characterized by degeneration +/- growth of nasal turbinate bones Once a herd is infected, it is impossible to eliminate this bacteria Good vaccine, LA 200 at day 2-3 and repeat 3 days later(we do at 7 and 21 days)
45
Atrophic rhinitis clinical signs
4-12 weeks of age Sneezing, nasal discharge (bleeding), and distortions of the snout, black under eyes Organism has affinity for respiratory tract
46
Swine dysentery
Bloody scours/ vibrionic dysentery/ black scours Occurs in pi 8-14 weeks of age Usually post weaning diarrhea with blood Etiology: Sarpulina hydodysenteriae- anaerobic bacteria Can affect suckling pigs or adults Extremely contagious Mice carry for over 200 days, vomited are important spread of disease Spread through asymptomatic carrier pig, shed in stool Very difficult to remove disease once established
47
Swine dysentery diagnosis
Lab
48
Swine dysentery clinical signs
Bloody mucoid diarrhea, gaunt, dehydrated, lethargic, Pyrexia
49
Swine dysentery treatment
BMD (bacitracin methyl dicyllicate), decrease concentration of disease, sanitation and other antibiotics Difficult to treat, respond well to aresenic
50
Swine dysentery prevention
Vaccines in conjunction with decrease stress Sanitation Isolation of new arrivals BMD in the feed
51
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Enzootic pneumonia Chronic expiratory disease that manifests economic loss due to decreased performance Etiology: mycoplasma hyopneumonia Infection always associated with secondary bacterial infection Transmission via direct pig to pig contact 99% of commercial pig herds have this, usually diagnose at slaughter checks Mostly pigs 6-8 weeks and older
52
Mycoplasma pneumonia clinical signs
Dry, nonproductive cough, most noticeable after exercise, coughing occurs for 1-2 months, decreased growth/ lack of production
53
Mycoplasma pneumonia diagnosis
Slaughter checks Lab= CF and ELIZA
54
Mycoplasma pneumonia prevention
Antibiotics- not cost effective for the results Vaccines- 77-92% reduction f lung lesions, heavier at market
55
Porcine pleuropneumonia
Etiology: actinobacilluus pleuropneumonia (APP) Serious respiratory disease of swine, increased mortality (20-40%) Animals die in 4-8 hours after exposure if virulent Asymptomatic carriers may occur Transmit via aerosol droplets Increased morbidity (up to 100%) very contagious Affects pigs 40-250 lbs
56
Porcine pleuropneumonia clinical signs
Acute, especially post stress, lameness, anorexia, lerthergic, coughing, T=104-107 F, depression,abdominal “thumping” and sudden death Bleeding from nostrils is sign it is at end stage, could be too late to treat
57
Porcine pleuropneumonia diagnosis
Clinical signs, characteristic lung lesions, culture for definitive diagnosis and ELISA Scar tissue of lungs, sign of painful breathing
58
Porcine pleuropneumonia treatment
Penicillin
59
Porcine pleuropneumonia prevention
Vaccines- new gen subunits offer > protection, intranasal incolculation for piglets Management All in, al out Recognition of asymptomatic carrier Eradication
60
Trichinosis
Etiology: trichinella spiralis- tiny parasitic worm ZOONOTIC, humans can be infected by consuming unproperly cooked infected pork, larvae in muscle cysts Swine dont show clinical signs usually (cook to >160 degrees) Do not feed uncooked garbage Trichina- safe pork, slaughter checks, ELISA
61
Porcine epidemic diarrhea
First US diagnosis in Iowa 2013 Responsible for killing > 1 million pigs the next year Most serious in neonatal piglets where morbidity and mortality are 80-100% Transmission via fecal-oral Control secondary injection Etiology: coronavirus, only differentiated from TGE by lab test No effective treatment

Large Animal Med (9 decks)

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