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Large Animal Med > Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

sanitation

A

major tool to curb disease, especially in baby pigs
-thorough cleaning of farrowing facilities
-washing sows prior to placing in crates
-daily removal of manure
-all in, all out

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2
Q

proper temperature

A

maximizes animal resistance
pig 85 F
sow 65 F
put temp at high level of what sow will tolerate, add more for piglets (heating pads)

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3
Q

piling pigs

A

too cold

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4
Q

spread out

A

too hot

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5
Q

just touching

A

ideal temp

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6
Q

noisy

A

hungry

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7
Q

pigs of different age groups should be housed separately

A

true, also put same size together
this is due to pecking order and cerebral recognition

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8
Q

controlling swine disease

A

moving and mixing of animals should be minimized
exposure of replacement gilts to breeding herd prior to conception enables immunity
herd health program
records!
vet should make routine visits and active in management team
operator must control flow of traffic (never backtrack from immune barns to lower immunity barns)

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9
Q

passive immunity

A

stimulates Ab production in dam which is passed to piglets via colostrum
important to provide immediate protection to piglets to avoid devastating diseases

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10
Q

active immunity

A

repel active adult diseases especially reproductive diseases

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11
Q

injection

A

IM or SQ, easier to give IM due to not much loose skin
killed or MLV

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12
Q

Kohler method

A

incubate E. Coli in milk, feed milk to preg females prior to farrowing

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13
Q

TGE

A

feed intestinal tracts from piglets that died from this disease to sows in gestation

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14
Q

new generation vaccines

A

trigger immune response without causing disease
consist of injecting only the immunogenic subunit of organism of live recombinant DNA vaccine which expresses the subunit when it replicates

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15
Q

slaughter checks

A

effective way to monitor herd health

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16
Q

slaughter check purpose

A

look for abnormal tissue

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17
Q

slaughter check goal

A

minimize, eliminate, or control disease problems by revealing disease prevalence, severity of lesions and possible causes of disease not always apparent

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18
Q

pneumonia

A

common in slaughter swine
mycoplasma, pasturella, bordetella, salmonella, lungworms, and influenza

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19
Q

atrophic rhinitis

A

bordetella bronchosepticum bacteria
caused by inadequate ventilation
cut snout at level of 2nd cheek tooth and measure the turbinate athrophy and septal deviation
-black rings arounf eyes
-disease attacks sinus, snout can deviate
vaccs and treatments help but can’t eliminate

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20
Q

parasite control

A

ascarid (large roundworm) is most common parasite of swine & biggest
negative fecal means nothing, migration to live occurs frequently
- fecal means no femals producing eggs
% you dont kill with dewormer are most resistant, destroy liver, lungs wherever conveintent

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21
Q

reproductive examination

A

look at repro tracts for ovarian function and infectious repro diseases in the cull herd

22
Q

misc problems

A

streptococcus abscesses (very contagious and common)
TB
mange (live in epidermis, must draw blood to culture)
erysipelas (bacterial, cause high fever in piglets)

23
Q

infectious swine reproductive diseases

A

not only cause abortions, but also decrease productive efficiency

24
Q

SMEDI syndrome

A

stillbirths, mummified, embrionic death and infertility
frequent good vacc, only in gilts

25
Q

viral diseases that cause SMEDI

A

parvovirus
enterovirus
adenvirus
reovirus

26
Q

parvovirus

A

greatest concern in swine reproductive failure
infection during first month of gestation results in fetal death and resorption
infection during 2nd month results in mummified fetuses and small litter
infection during last trimester has no effect
abortion seldem seen
diagnose by direct flurorescent ab on mummified piglets
prevention is by exposure of gilts to natural infection prior to breeding
vacc effective

27
Q

bacterial disease that cause SMEDI

A

leptospirosis
brucellosis
eperythrozoonosis

28
Q

leptospirosis

A

abortion, stillbirths, creased baby pig survival, ***infertile
L. pomona is main strain that causes
incubation period= 1-2 weeks
clinical signs= moderate fever, anorexia, jaundice
organism is shed in urine 10 days post infection
-1st trimester= no effects
-2nd trimester= fetal death and resorption
-3rd trimester= abortion
source of infection= urine, contaminated water
dx: Ab titer
prevention= vacc prior to breeding

29
Q

brucellosis

A

etiology: brucella suis
abortion and fertility/ sterility
dx: standard card test (agglutination)
prevention: eradication
veneral disease that effects epididimus of boar

30
Q

eperythrozoonosis

A

small parasite on RBC
no estrus, infertility, abortion, weak ,anemic pigs, produce no milk
dx: newly developed serum test (get blood from jugular)
tx: arsanilic acid, pulled off market
prevention: test breeding herd semi-annually

31
Q

consider infectious reproductive diseases when

A

see repeat breeders, mummified fetuses, stillborn pigs, abortions, small litters or weak pigs
send fetal tissue to lab and maternal blood for diagnosis

32
Q

diseases of boars

A

seldom run together b/c don’t get along
boar fertility decreases when pyrexia occurs
can get: pseudorabies, brucellosis, erysipelas and influenza, vacc every 6 mo
decreased fertility-takes 2 months to return to normal
increased ambient temp decreases fertility
keep multiple and seperate, so if one if sick can use other

33
Q

periparturient hypogalactia syndrome

A

results in baby pig death due to immunosuppression and poor performance
restless baby pigs indicate problem, so palpate mammory chain prior to farrowing for mastitis, excessively hard, edematous glands
if disease starts in gut, constipation occurs due to decreased water consumption
prognosis for life good
prognosis for lactation bad, cull sow if udders bad
decrease pig mortality by cross fostering

34
Q

hypogalactia

A

decrease in milk production, usually temporary

35
Q

dysgalactia

A

impairment of inital lactation

36
Q

primiparous

A

first litter

37
Q

multiparous

A

multiple litters

38
Q

PHS treatment

A

establish milk flow
-oxytocin given once every 45 min to contract smooth muscle to made milk that is already made available
choose proper antibotic therapy
traquilizers may be needed to quiet sows and stimulate milk production (wine or beer)
consider banamine to eliminate endotoxins and pain

39
Q

PHS prevention

A

decrease stressors such as management, nurtition, and ventiliation

40
Q

PRRS

A

porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
affinity for macrophages in lung (part of body defenses)
virus multiplies inside them producing more virus and kills macrophages (40%)
allows bacteria and other viruses to proliferate and do damage

41
Q

baby pig anemia

A

etiology= iron deficiency
results from denying pigs access to Fe in soil
Fe is critical in forming hemoglobin

42
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein that makes up 1/3 of weight of RBC
carries O2 from lungs to body tissue
abnormal results show hemoglobin <9 g/ 100 mL

43
Q

Fe deficiency results from

A

low body storage of Fe in newborn
low Fe content of sow’s colostrum and milk
lack of contact with Fe in soil
rapid growth rate of nursing pig

44
Q

acute anemia signs

A

labored breathing, “thumps”= spasmodic movement of diaphragm muscles following exercise. Fast growing pigs may die suddenly due to decrease oxygen, lowers resistance

45
Q

chronic anemia signs

A

poor growth, listlessness, rough hair coat, wrinkled skin and paleness to mucous membrane

46
Q

baby pig anemia diagnosis

A

necropsy- increased heart and spleen, very watery fluid in chest and abdomen, thin watery blood, pale mm
response to therapy

47
Q

baby pig anemia prevention

A

oral- questionable
injectable 1 cc IM at 3 and 10 days

48
Q

colibacillosis

A

E. coli scours
etiology: E.coli bacteria
organism produces potent enterotoxin and large amounts of liquid feces )yellow) produced and results in rapid dehydration and acidosis
pigs are thirsty and continue to eat and drink until they are too weak or depressed
edema occurs in eyelids, SQ wall of stomach/ intestine of brain
owners find dead unexpectedly

49
Q

neonatal enteric colibacillosis

A

occurs in pigs <7 days old

50
Q

postweaning colibacillosis

A

triggered by stress associated wiht weaning
1. decrease in maternal ab
2. change in diet, free choice dry feed
3. social stress
4. chilling (not as warm as nursery)
5. onset of viral infection

51
Q

colibacillosis prevention

A

sanitation- keep clean and dry
good nutrition
good ventilation- humidity low
decrease exposure from infected pig
temperature warm (bacteria like cool and damp area)
vaccinate

52
Q

colibacillosis diagnosis

A

via lab to see what type

Large Animal Med (9 decks)

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