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Large Animal Med > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Acidosis

A

Change from roughage / grazing to increase concentrate feeds
Increase consumption of high concentration feed vs too sudden of a change in feed
Rumen bacteria digest the concentrate and increase acidity results, imitates and kills microbial lining
Secondary liver abscesses occur due to septicemia

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2
Q

Acidosis clinical signs

A

6-12 hours post consumption= depression, head down, droopy ears, toxic look, abdominal discomfort, recumbent, dehydration, downer, comatose and death within 24-36 hrs

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3
Q

Acidosis diagnosis

A

Splashing sounds when bumping the rumen, water diarrhea, injected mucous membrane of eye, acidic pH of rumen

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4
Q

Acidosis treatment

A

Antacids
Activated charcol’
Penicillin
Electrolytes to correct dehydration
IV L/R
Rumenotomy or rumen lavage-> out frick tube, use to try to flush everything out in rumen

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5
Q

Polio

A

Thiamine deficiency (B1 vitamin)-> essential for normal nerve cell function
Disease of CNS, softening of gray meter
Brackenfern plant produces thiamase (rumen)

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6
Q

Polio signs

A

First sign blindness, staggers, star gazing

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7
Q

Polio treatment

A

Thiaminehydrochloride IV or IM s.I.d x4 to 5 days

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8
Q

Enerotoxemia

A

Overeating disease
Disease of high performance individuals eating high concentrate rations
Etiology: toxin produced by Clostridium perfringes type C or d

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9
Q

Enterotoxemia clinical sign

A

Sudden death (with head pulled back), paddling feet, and bloody froth coming out of nostrils

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10
Q

Entertoxemia diagnosis

A

Urine glucose increased= pathognomonic sign; history

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11
Q

Entertoxemia prevention

A

Vaccination Clostridium C and D and T
2 doses 2-3 weeks apart

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12
Q

Salmonellosis

A

Salmonella typhimurium
Usually stress related (wean, overcrowding, ship)
Bacteria shed by the feces via contaminated feed and water
Zoonotic

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13
Q

Salmonellosis clinical signs

A

Anorexia, lethargic, temp 105-107, arched back from abdominal discomfort, yellow/green malodorous diarrhea
Rapid dehydration, gastroenteritis, septicemia, and death

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14
Q

Salmonellosis treatment

A

And, electrolytes and TLC

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15
Q

Salmonellosis prevention

A

Sanitation

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16
Q

Pneumonia

A

Big problem, second only to digestive diseases
Losses occur due to death,time and expenses of treatment, poor doers, carcass condemnation
Most commonly pasteurella hemolytica

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17
Q

Pneumonia diagnosis

A

Cough, increased RR , mucopurulent nasal discharge

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18
Q

Pneumonia treatment

A

Improve ventilation, decrease stress, appropriate antibiotic therapy

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19
Q

Open ewes

A

Mastitis shortly after weaning lamb
Should be examined for soundness prior to breeding (BCS 3 ideal, 3.5 when ready to lamb)
Broken mouths, bd udders, bad feet and emancipated ewes should be culled
Most cycle in fall and lamb in spring

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20
Q

Abortion diseases

A

Affect lamb in utero
Expelled prematurely, born weak or stillborn
Chlamydiosis (EAE)
Vibriosis (Campylocacteriosis)
Toxoplasmosis
Lungs last organ to develop
Fever over 48 hours can cause abortion

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21
Q

Stillborn

A

Go to term and born dead

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22
Q

Serfactin

A

Gives lungs viscosity
Made last before term

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23
Q

Chlamydiosis

A

MOst common cause of abortion in sheep
Highly contagious infection
Etiology: Chlamydia psittaci (bacteria)
Abortion rate 20-30%, ewes not sick, show minimal signs
Weak lambs occur, unthrifty and inefficient
Organisms highly concentrated in aborted fetuses, membranes,and fluids
Infection via ingestion of organisms

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24
Q

Chlamydiosis diagnosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Isolation of organisms in membranes or fetus

25
Chlamydiosis prevention
Isolation of ewes discharging fluids, proper disposal and disinfection of afterbirth, fluids, etc
26
Chlamydiosis treatment
Antibiotics in feed or water
27
Ballottment
Pushing up and feeling Punch up with fingers in abdomen and wait for lamb to push back
28
Vibriosis
2nd mot common cause of abortion in ewes Effective vaccine is available 2 inj 3 weeks apart and a yearly booster Etiology: Campylobacter jejuni or campylobacter fetus 2 week incubation period Morbidity 40-60% Previously infected animals are immune Produce weak lambs that usually die Outbreak: vaccinate (2 weeks until immune) also feed antibiotics
29
Vibriosis prevention
Isolate aborting ewes, proper disposal of fetus, disinfect the infected area
30
Toxoplasmosis
Coccidial etiology, spread by cats via fecal contamination of foods Organic has affinity for placenta and fetus resulting in abortion can also cause encephalitis and aimless walking
31
Toxoplasmosis treatment
Monesin - prevents toxoplasmosal replication
32
Toxoplasmosis prevention
Limit cat population, avoid contaminated feeds
33
Salmonella
Gram - bacteria, ewes are extremely sick Zombie sheep Zoonotic, very contagious to humans
34
Salmonella clinical signs
Pyrexia, severe diarrhea, lethargic, anorexic, abort and die
35
Salmonella prevention
Management oriented, feed off ground, isolate infected ewes, proper disinfections, and good sanitation
36
Salmonella treatment
Difficult at best
37
Listeriosis
Acute, infectious, non-contagious Etiology: listeria monocyogenes bacteria Caused by improperly ensiled or spoiled silage/ hay
38
Listeriosis clinical signs
Circle in one direction only (won’t turn and f you try to make them they fall), head tilt, neurological signs with depression and disorientation
39
Listeriosis diagnosis
History, clinical signs, isolation of organism
40
Listeriosis treatment
Unrewarding, oxytetracycline is diagnosis early may help
41
Leptospirosis
Etiology: leptospira bacteria Spreads through urine Contaminate water, pastures, ponds to cause spread No vaccine for sheep, could use cattle and change dose Causes infertility
42
Leptospirosis clinical signs
Pyrexia, chills, anemia, jaundice (yellow mucus membrane), bloody urine, and abortions
43
Brucellosis
Etiology: brucella ovis bacteria Rams usually manifest with epidiymitis Ewes experience delayed conceptions, abortion, stillbirth and weak lambs Spread through semen, veneral Zoonotic
44
Brucellosis diagnosis
ELIZA test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
45
Brucellosis treatment
Eradication
46
Epididmytis
Swollen epididymis in scrotum, hot and painful
47
Pregnancy toxemia
Occurs in older ewes carrying multiple lambs in connection with insufficient energy in the last trimester, results in hypoglycemia Ewes become dull, unresponsive, and lag behind. This progresses to unsteadiness, grinding of the teeth, labored breathing, frequent urination and inability to stand, sternal recumbancy
48
Pregnancy toxemia treatment
IV glucose, oral propylene glycol
49
Mastitis
Etiology: staphylococcus aureus or pasturella hemolytica Pyrexia, depression and anorexia Udder= discolored, dark, swollen, warm and painful
50
Mastitis treatment
Systematic antibiotics and intramammory infusions Dry cow tubes- 1/2 tube each side
51
Mastitis prevention
Dependent on good management, environmental sanitation , and reducin stressors Watch closely after weaning
52
Caseous lymphadenitis
Infectious, contagious, chronic disease of ruminants Etiology: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacteria Internal and or external abscess formation in the lymph nodes Really soft= ready to open surgically Really hard= no fluid -scrub and cut, flush out, always tap first with 18 gauge Vaccine available SQ, not recommended for goats
53
Caseous lymphadenitis diagnosis
Culture abscess
54
Caseous lymphadenitis treatment
Surgical intervention and systemic antibiotic therapy
55
Caseous lymphadenitis prevention
Cull Get ewe out because contagious, can spread to lamb through placental fluid
56
Scrapie
Disease of CNS Chronic, progressive disease Rub against things Reportable disease Codon 171 susceptible to strain C (US) Take 2-3 years to show signs Prion infectious protein particles Can breed disease out, selective breeding -susceptible genotype, phenotype not affected
57
Scrapie diagnosis
Clinical signs (behavioral changes, tremors of head/ neck, purities, lip smacking) History Pathological changes in brain following necropsy Third eyelid and rectal lymphoid tissue biopsy for live animal
58
Ovine progressive pneumonia
Etiology: retrovirus (Lentivirus) Weight loss, difficulty in breathing, develop lameness No treatment,vaccine. Test and slaughter
59
Hereditary chondrodysplasia
Spider lamb syndrome Results in deformed skeleton, recessive genetic disorder Die early, rarely live to reproduce, infertile Increased high, finenesss of bone, decreased muscling, outwards bending of front legs at knee, curvature of spine, Roman nose Long and bent legs, curved and twisted spine, abnormally long neck Deformities seen 4-6 weeks after birth DNA testing, submit 20-30 hairs with root, $20 a test

Large Animal Med (9 decks)

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