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Large Animal Med > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Acidosis

A

Change from roughage / grazing to increase concentrate feeds
Increase consumption of high concentration feed vs too sudden of a change in feed
Rumen bacteria digest the concentrate and increase acidity results, imitates and kills microbial lining
Secondary liver abscesses occur due to septicemia

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2
Q

Acidosis clinical signs

A

6-12 hours post consumption= depression, head down, droopy ears, toxic look, abdominal discomfort, recumbent, dehydration, downer, comatose and death within 24-36 hrs

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3
Q

Acidosis diagnosis

A

Splashing sounds when bumping the rumen, water diarrhea, injected mucous membrane of eye, acidic pH of rumen

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4
Q

Acidosis treatment

A

Antacids
Activated charcol’
Penicillin
Electrolytes to correct dehydration
IV L/R
Rumenotomy or rumen lavage-> out frick tube, use to try to flush everything out in rumen

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5
Q

Polio

A

Thiamine deficiency (B1 vitamin)-> essential for normal nerve cell function
Disease of CNS, softening of gray meter
Brackenfern plant produces thiamase (rumen)

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6
Q

Polio signs

A

First sign blindness, staggers, star gazing

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7
Q

Polio treatment

A

Thiaminehydrochloride IV or IM s.I.d x4 to 5 days

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8
Q

Enerotoxemia

A

Overeating disease
Disease of high performance individuals eating high concentrate rations
Etiology: toxin produced by Clostridium perfringes type C or d

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9
Q

Enterotoxemia clinical sign

A

Sudden death (with head pulled back), paddling feet, and bloody froth coming out of nostrils

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10
Q

Entertoxemia diagnosis

A

Urine glucose increased= pathognomonic sign; history

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11
Q

Entertoxemia prevention

A

Vaccination Clostridium C and D and T
2 doses 2-3 weeks apart

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12
Q

Salmonellosis

A

Salmonella typhimurium
Usually stress related (wean, overcrowding, ship)
Bacteria shed by the feces via contaminated feed and water
Zoonotic

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13
Q

Salmonellosis clinical signs

A

Anorexia, lethargic, temp 105-107, arched back from abdominal discomfort, yellow/green malodorous diarrhea
Rapid dehydration, gastroenteritis, septicemia, and death

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14
Q

Salmonellosis treatment

A

And, electrolytes and TLC

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15
Q

Salmonellosis prevention

A

Sanitation

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16
Q

Pneumonia

A

Big problem, second only to digestive diseases
Losses occur due to death,time and expenses of treatment, poor doers, carcass condemnation
Most commonly pasteurella hemolytica

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17
Q

Pneumonia diagnosis

A

Cough, increased RR , mucopurulent nasal discharge

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18
Q

Pneumonia treatment

A

Improve ventilation, decrease stress, appropriate antibiotic therapy

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19
Q

Open ewes

A

Mastitis shortly after weaning lamb
Should be examined for soundness prior to breeding (BCS 3 ideal, 3.5 when ready to lamb)
Broken mouths, bd udders, bad feet and emancipated ewes should be culled
Most cycle in fall and lamb in spring

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20
Q

Abortion diseases

A

Affect lamb in utero
Expelled prematurely, born weak or stillborn
Chlamydiosis (EAE)
Vibriosis (Campylocacteriosis)
Toxoplasmosis
Lungs last organ to develop
Fever over 48 hours can cause abortion

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21
Q

Stillborn

A

Go to term and born dead

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22
Q

Serfactin

A

Gives lungs viscosity
Made last before term

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23
Q

Chlamydiosis

A

MOst common cause of abortion in sheep
Highly contagious infection
Etiology: Chlamydia psittaci (bacteria)
Abortion rate 20-30%, ewes not sick, show minimal signs
Weak lambs occur, unthrifty and inefficient
Organisms highly concentrated in aborted fetuses, membranes,and fluids
Infection via ingestion of organisms

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24
Q

Chlamydiosis diagnosis

A

Isolation of organisms in membranes or fetus

25
Q

Chlamydiosis prevention

A

Isolation of ewes discharging fluids, proper disposal and disinfection of afterbirth, fluids, etc

26
Q

Chlamydiosis treatment

A

Antibiotics in feed or water

27
Q

Ballottment

A

Pushing up and feeling
Punch up with fingers in abdomen and wait for lamb to push back

28
Q

Vibriosis

A

2nd mot common cause of abortion in ewes
Effective vaccine is available 2 inj 3 weeks apart and a yearly booster
Etiology: Campylobacter jejuni or campylobacter fetus
2 week incubation period
Morbidity 40-60%
Previously infected animals are immune
Produce weak lambs that usually die
Outbreak: vaccinate (2 weeks until immune) also feed antibiotics

29
Q

Vibriosis prevention

A

Isolate aborting ewes, proper disposal of fetus, disinfect the infected area

30
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Coccidial etiology, spread by cats via fecal contamination of foods
Organic has affinity for placenta and fetus resulting in abortion can also cause encephalitis and aimless walking

31
Q

Toxoplasmosis treatment

A

Monesin - prevents toxoplasmosal replication

32
Q

Toxoplasmosis prevention

A

Limit cat population, avoid contaminated feeds

33
Q

Salmonella

A

Gram - bacteria, ewes are extremely sick
Zombie sheep
Zoonotic, very contagious to humans

34
Q

Salmonella clinical signs

A

Pyrexia, severe diarrhea, lethargic, anorexic, abort and die

35
Q

Salmonella prevention

A

Management oriented, feed off ground, isolate infected ewes, proper disinfections, and good sanitation

36
Q

Salmonella treatment

A

Difficult at best

37
Q

Listeriosis

A

Acute, infectious, non-contagious
Etiology: listeria monocyogenes bacteria
Caused by improperly ensiled or spoiled silage/ hay

38
Q

Listeriosis clinical signs

A

Circle in one direction only (won’t turn and f you try to make them they fall), head tilt, neurological signs with depression and disorientation

39
Q

Listeriosis diagnosis

A

History, clinical signs, isolation of organism

40
Q

Listeriosis treatment

A

Unrewarding, oxytetracycline is diagnosis early may help

41
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Etiology: leptospira bacteria
Spreads through urine
Contaminate water, pastures, ponds to cause spread
No vaccine for sheep, could use cattle and change dose
Causes infertility

42
Q

Leptospirosis clinical signs

A

Pyrexia, chills, anemia, jaundice (yellow mucus membrane), bloody urine, and abortions

43
Q

Brucellosis

A

Etiology: brucella ovis bacteria
Rams usually manifest with epidiymitis
Ewes experience delayed conceptions, abortion, stillbirth and weak lambs
Spread through semen, veneral
Zoonotic

44
Q

Brucellosis diagnosis

A

ELIZA test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

45
Q

Brucellosis treatment

A

Eradication

46
Q

Epididmytis

A

Swollen epididymis in scrotum, hot and painful

47
Q

Pregnancy toxemia

A

Occurs in older ewes carrying multiple lambs in connection with insufficient energy in the last trimester, results in hypoglycemia
Ewes become dull, unresponsive, and lag behind. This progresses to unsteadiness, grinding of the teeth, labored breathing, frequent urination and inability to stand, sternal recumbancy

48
Q

Pregnancy toxemia treatment

A

IV glucose, oral propylene glycol

49
Q

Mastitis

A

Etiology: staphylococcus aureus or pasturella hemolytica
Pyrexia, depression and anorexia
Udder= discolored, dark, swollen, warm and painful

50
Q

Mastitis treatment

A

Systematic antibiotics and intramammory infusions
Dry cow tubes- 1/2 tube each side

51
Q

Mastitis prevention

A

Dependent on good management, environmental sanitation , and reducin stressors
Watch closely after weaning

52
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis

A

Infectious, contagious, chronic disease of ruminants
Etiology: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacteria
Internal and or external abscess formation in the lymph nodes
Really soft= ready to open surgically
Really hard= no fluid
-scrub and cut, flush out, always tap first with 18 gauge
Vaccine available SQ, not recommended for goats

53
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis diagnosis

A

Culture abscess

54
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis treatment

A

Surgical intervention and systemic antibiotic therapy

55
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis prevention

A

Cull
Get ewe out because contagious, can spread to lamb through placental fluid

56
Q

Scrapie

A

Disease of CNS
Chronic, progressive disease
Rub against things
Reportable disease
Codon 171 susceptible to strain C (US)
Take 2-3 years to show signs
Prion infectious protein particles
Can breed disease out, selective breeding
-susceptible genotype, phenotype not affected

57
Q

Scrapie diagnosis

A

Clinical signs (behavioral changes, tremors of head/ neck, purities, lip smacking)
History
Pathological changes in brain following necropsy
Third eyelid and rectal lymphoid tissue biopsy for live animal

58
Q

Ovine progressive pneumonia

A

Etiology: retrovirus (Lentivirus)
Weight loss, difficulty in breathing, develop lameness
No treatment,vaccine. Test and slaughter

59
Q

Hereditary chondrodysplasia

A

Spider lamb syndrome
Results in deformed skeleton, recessive genetic disorder
Die early, rarely live to reproduce, infertile
Increased high, finenesss of bone, decreased muscling, outwards bending of front legs at knee, curvature of spine, Roman nose
Long and bent legs, curved and twisted spine, abnormally long neck
Deformities seen 4-6 weeks after birth
DNA testing, submit 20-30 hairs with root, $20 a test

Large Animal Med (9 decks)

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