Quiz: Nervous System, Ch 9

Question 1

Central nervous system is comprised of…

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Functions of the autonomic nervous system…

Answer 2

Innervation of glands, smooth / cardiac muscles

Question 3

Describe the nervous system integrative function…

Answer 3

Analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions

Question 4

Functions of astrocytes…

Answer 4

Support and brace neurons; anchor neurons to blood vessels; control chemical environment around neurons; guide migration of young neurons

Question 5

The ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid…

Answer 5

Ependymal cells

Question 6

Bipolar neurons are commonly found…

Answer 6

In the retina of the eye

Question 7

Characteristics of neurons…

Answer 7

High metabolic rate; extreme longevity; conduct impulses; amitotic

Question 8

Part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body

Answer 8

Axon

Question 9

Collections of nerve cell bodies in the PNS…

Answer 9

Ganglia

Question 10

Neuron whose primary function is to connect other neurons…

Answer 10

Interneuron (aka. association or relay neuron)

Question 11

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering ions such as potassium and recapturing and recycling neurotransmitters…

Answer 11

Astrocytes

Question 12

Schwann cells are functionally similar to…

Answer 12

Oligodendrocytes (found in CNS, whereas Schwann cells are found in PNS)

Question 13

The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions…

Answer 13

Depolarization

Question 14

The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability…

Answer 14

Repolarization

Question 15

Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons…

Answer 15

Action potential

Question 16

Phase where the neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong…

Answer 16

Absolute refractory period

Question 17

Ion channel that opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials….

Answer 17

Voltage-gated channel

Question 18

Saltatory conduction is made possible by…

Answer 18

Myelin sheath

Question 19

First cellular gate to open immediately after an action potential has peaked…

Answer 19

Potassium (K+)

Question 20

The interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differs from the external environment in that the interior is…

Answer 20

Negatively charged and contains less sodium

Question 21

Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect (called)…

Answer 21

Temporal summation

Question 22

Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time (called)…

Answer 22

Spatial summation

Question 23

An insufficient stimulus to cause neural response…

Answer 23

Subthreshold stimulus

Question 24

Any stimulus below this intensity will result in no response in a neuron…

Answer 24

Threshold stimulus

Question 25

An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via...

Answer 25

Synapse

Question 26

Prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another...

Answer 26

Synaptic cleft

Question 27

Short-lived, local changes in membrane potential of varying amplitudes...

Answer 27

Graded potentials

Question 28

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with...

Answer 28

Hyperpolarization

Question 29

Role of acetylcholinesterase...

Answer 29

Destroys ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings

Question 30

An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle...

Answer 30

Acetylcholine

Question 31

Substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse...

Answer 31

Neurotransmitter

Question 32

Chemical classes of neurotransmitters...

Answer 32

Amino acids, gasotransmitters, monoamines, trace amines, peptides and purines

Question 33

The movement of ions across excitable membranes is affected by...

Answer 33

Sodium gates in the membrane, which can open in response to electrical potential changes

Question 34

Neuroglia that function as phagocytes...

Answer 34

Microglia

Question 35

Number of cranial nerves and spinal nerves...

Answer 35

Cranial 12 pairs (24) | Spinal 31 pairs (62)

Question 36

Organization of nervous system...

Answer 36

Central Nervous (CNS) -> Peripheral (PNS) PNS -> Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent) divisions Motor -> Somatic Nervous and Autonomic (ANS) ANS -> Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions

Question 37

Functional classifications of neurons...

Answer 37

Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent), Interneurons (integrative)

Question 38

Structural classifications of neurons...

Answer 38

Multipolar (CNS, inter and motor), Bipolar (special sensory), Unipolar (PNS, sensory)

Question 39

White matter vs Gray matter...

Answer 39

White (dense collection of myelinated fibers) | Gray (mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers)

Question 40

Gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent schwann cells...

Answer 40

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 41

Ion channels that open with the binding of a specific neurotransmitter...

Answer 41

Chemically/Ligand-gated channels

Question 42

Ion channels that open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors...

Answer 42

Mechanically gated channels

Question 43

An autoimmune disease characterized by visual disturbances, weakness, loss of muscular control and urinary incontinence, on account of...

Answer 43

Severed nerve fibers and myelin sheaths becoming nonfunctional scleroses; shunting and short-circuiting of nerve impulses occur; called Multiple Sclerosis