Quiz over Chapter 10

Question 1

Deformation

Answer 1

refers to all changes in the shape or position of a rock body in response to stress

Question 2

Rock or geologic Structures

Answer 2

features that result from forces generated by the interactions of tectonic plates
(includes folds, faults, and joints)

Question 3

Stress

Answer 3

the force that deforms rocks

Question 4

Magnitude

Answer 4

a function of the amount of force applied to a given area

Question 5

When stresses on a rock exceed its strength….

Answer 5

the rock deforms by flowing, folding, fracturing, or faulting

Question 6

Confining pressure

Answer 6

stress applied to uniformity in all directions

squeezes rocks, making them stronger and harder to break

Question 7

differential stress

Answer 7

Stress applied unequally in different directions

Question 8

Types of Stress

Answer 8

Compressional
Tensional
Shear

Question 9

Compressional Stress

Answer 9

squeezes a rock and shortens a rock body

Question 10

tensional stress

Answer 10

pulls apart a rock unit and lengthens it

Question 11

Shear stress

Answer 11

Produces a motion similar to slippage that occurs between individual playing cards when the top of the stack is moved relative to the bottom

Question 12

Strain

Answer 12

change in shape of a rock caused by differential stress

strained bodies lose their original configuration during deformation

Question 13

Elastic deformation

Answer 13

rock returns to nearly its original size and shape when the stress is removed

Question 14

ductile deformation

Answer 14

bends

Question 15

brittle deformation

Answer 15

breaks

Question 16

Temperature

Answer 16

Higher temp deform by ductile deformation {deep}

Cooler rocks form by brittle deformation {on surface or high up in crust}

Question 17

Factors that affect rock strength

Answer 17

Rock type
Time
Temperature
Pressure

Question 18

Rock type

Answer 18

Crystalline igneous rocks generally experience brittle deformation, whereas sedimentary and metamorphic rocks experience ductile deformation

Question 19

Time

Answer 19

forces applied over a long period of time generally result in ductile deformation

Question 20

Joints

Answer 20

cracks in the rocks resulting from the rock being stretched and pulled apart
created columns

Question 21

Faults

Answer 21

fractures in the rocks where rocks on one side of the fault are displaced relative to the rocks on the other side of the fault

Question 22

Folds are evidence

Answer 22

that rocks can bend without breaking

result of deformation in high temp high pressure environments

Question 23

Most folds are

Answer 23

result from compressional stresses that result in a shortening and thickening of the crust

Question 24

Anticlines

Answer 24

upfolded or arched sedimentary layers

Oldest strata in the center

Question 25

Synclines

Answer 25

downfolded or troughs of rock | youngest strata are in the center

Question 26

symmetrical

Answer 26

the limbs of the fold are mirror images of each other

Question 27

asymmetrical

Answer 27

the limbs of the fold are not identical - Overturned : one or both limbs are titled beyond vertical - Plunging- the axis of the fold penetrates the ground

Question 28

Domes

Answer 28

upwarped circular features

Question 29

Basins

Answer 29

Downwarped circular features | looks like a bowl

Question 30

Monoclines

Answer 30

large, steplike folds in the otherwise horizontal sedimentary strata Fold with one limb

Question 31

Strike and Dip

Answer 31

sedimentary rocks that are inclined or bent indicate that the layers were deformed folowing deposition

Question 32

Strike

Answer 32

Compass DIRECTION of the line produced by the intersection of an inclined rick layer or fault in a horizontal plate

Question 33

Dip

Answer 33

ANGLE OF INCLINATION of the surface of a rock unit or fault measured from a horizontal plane

Question 34

Faults

Answer 34

Fractures in rocks where displacement happened

Question 35

slickenslide

Answer 35

polished smooth surfaces that happen from movement along a fault

Question 36

Dip-Slip Fault

Answer 36

when movement is parallel to inclination Moves up and down along dip produces fault scarps

Question 37

Normal Dip-Slip faults

Answer 37

hanging wall moving DOWN relative to the footwall {Tension} | Reverse fault moves up the footwall {Pressure}

Question 38

horst

Answer 38

Uplifted blocks

Question 39

grabens

Answer 39

Down-dropped blocks

Question 40

Strike slip faults

Answer 40

moves horizontal and parallel to the strike - side by side

Question 41

Oblique-slip faults

Answer 41

both a strike-slip and dip-slip movement