Quiz Questions

Question 1

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for?

Answer 1

Surveillance of the body
Recognition of foreign material
Destruction of foreign material

Question 2

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except ________.
a.
the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin
b.
nasal hairs
c.
flushing action of tears and blinking
d.
flushing action of urine
e.
phagocytic white blood cells

Answer 2

Phagocytic white blood cells

Question 3

Each of the following are granulocytes except ——
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes

Answer 3

Lymphocytes

Question 4

Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except
Unbroken skin
Mucus
Hairs
Tears
T cells

Answer 4

T cells

Question 5

Hematopoiesis

Answer 5

Production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

Question 6

Innate chemical defenses include —-

Answer 6

Lysozyme
Lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat
Skin’s acidic pH and fatty acids
Stomach hydrochloric acid

Question 7

Plasma cells ———

Question 8

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ________.

Answer 8

Eosinophils

Question 9

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ________.

Answer 9

Lysozyme

Question 10

The granules of basophils contain ———

Answer 10

Histamine

Question 11

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.

Answer 11

Skin

Question 12

Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?

a.
After birth, produced in red bone marrow sites
b.
Develop from undifferentiated stem cells
c.
Include Kupffer cells
d.
Include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes
e.
Include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei

Answer 12

Include Kupffer cells

Question 13

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body’s third line of defense?

Answer 13

Lymphocytes

Question 14

True or false: Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or false: complement pathways are produced by the spleen

Answer 15

False

Question 16

True or false: during inflammations, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of a bacterial infection

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or false: During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

True or false: Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false: Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body’s third line of defense.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

True or false: Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false: The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

adaptive immunity involves the response of —

Answer 22

B and T lymphocytes

Question 23

a foreign molecule that causes an adaptive immune response is a(n)

Answer 23

antigen

Question 24

cell surface markers involved in immune reactions —-

Answer 24

• are the result of genetic expression
• function in recognition of self molecules
• receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system
• aid in cellular development

Question 25

class 2 MHC genes code for ----

Answer 25

receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells

Question 26

class 1 MHC genes code for ----

Answer 26

self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes

Question 27

helper T cells ----

Answer 27

activate B cells and other T cells

Question 28

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ----

Answer 28

red blood cells

Question 29

plasma cells ----

Answer 29

secrete antibodies

Question 30

small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed ----

Answer 30

hapten

Question 31

the major histocompatibility complex is ----

Answer 31

a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins

Question 32

the progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called ----

Answer 32

plasma cells

Question 33

the region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly varied from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is to ----

Answer 33

variable region

Question 34

true or false: activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors

Answer 34

true

Question 35

true or false: after secreting antibodies during immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells

Answer 35

false

Question 36

true or false: antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids

Answer 36

true

Question 37

true or false: clonal selection can be stimulated by foreign or self antigens

Answer 37

true

Question 38

true or false: the secondary response to an antigen is faster and bigger than the primary response

Answer 38

true

Question 39

red bone marrow thymus lymph nodes spleen GALT hematopoiesis granulocytes agranulocytes cytokines

Answer 39

red bone marrow - primary lymphatic organ thymus - site of T-cell maturation lymph nodes - comprised of a cortex and paracortical area spleen - can store up to 1 cup of blood GALT - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue hematopoiesis - production of blood cells granulocytes - dark staining leukocytes agranulocytes - large nuclei cytokine - critical for cell communication

Question 40

the complement cascade and its by-products contribute to what

Answer 40

both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection

Question 41

the phenomenon known as chemotaxis is define as?

Answer 41

the movement of a cell toward or away from a chemical stimulus

Question 42

what cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?

Answer 42

monocyte

Question 43

what best contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

Answer 43

tears contain lysozymes and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes

Question 44

what substance contributes to the edema associated with inflammation

Answer 44

both leukotrienes and histamine

Question 45

the steps of phagocytosis

Answer 45

chemotaxis by phagocyte adhesion of bacteria engulfment into phagocytic vacuole phagosome phagolysosome formation killing and destruction of bacterial cells release of residual debris

Question 46

the steps of complement

Answer 46

- C3 hydrolysis - C3b cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b - C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9s form the membrane attack complex - the membrane attack complex is formed, cells swell and burst