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Microbiology > Unit 1 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Unit 1 Quiz Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Amino acids can combine with either hydroxyl or hydrogen ions. As a result they function as

A

Buffer

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of saturated fats?
They are a form of stored energy
They are found in animals
They are usually solid at room temperature
Their fatty acids pack tightly together
They contain at least one double bond

A

They contain at least on double bond

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of phospholipids?
They contain two fatty acids and a phosphate functional group
They contain fatty acids that associate with water
They contain a hydrophilic phosphate “head”
They are found in cellular membranes
They can form Micelles and bilayers

A

They contain fatty acids that associate with water

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4
Q

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?
Glucose
Glycogen
Fructose
Sucrose
Deoxyribose

A

Glycogen

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5
Q

Which of the following statements about proteins is false?
They have multiple levels of structural organization
They are composed of amino acids
They can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or both
Their primary function is energy storage
They are formed by dehydration synthesis reactions

A

Their primary functions is energy storage

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6
Q

All of the following bases are found in RNA molecule except?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

A

Thymine

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7
Q

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct? the nucleic polymer is composed of peptide bonds
Cellular DNA is double stranded
All viruses have DNA genomes
Nucleic acid stranded are held together by hydrogen bonds between adjacent carbohydrates
There are three naturally occurring purines in nucleic acids

A

Cellular DNA is double stranded

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8
Q

A(n) ——— is a arrangement of atoms in a variety of macromolecules and serves as their primary reactive end

A

Functional group

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9
Q

A protein is a ——— of amino acids

A

Polymer

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10
Q

The type of bond produced when atoms with somewhat different electro negatives share electrons is/are

A

A polar covalent bond

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11
Q

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called ———

A

Prokaryotes

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12
Q

Choose the statement or characteristics that best describes the Woese-Fox taxonomic system to test your understanding of taxonomy
Three distinct cell lines called domains
Five kingdoms
Plants, animals, and microorganisms
Prokaryotes versus microorganisms

A

Three distinct cell lines called domains

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13
Q

Disease - causing microorganisms are called ———

A

Pathogens

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14
Q

Helmiths are ———

A

Parasitic worms

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15
Q

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ———

A

A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

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16
Q

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed ———

A

Microorganisms

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17
Q

The major groups of microorganisms studied by microbiologists include

A

Bacteria
Helminths
Algae
Fungi
Viruses
Archaea
Protozoa

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18
Q

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectant on hands and in the air prior to surgery was?

A

Joseph Lister

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19
Q

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotics to kill competitors
A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria
Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds
Escherichia coli producing human insulin
Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

A

Escherichia coli producing human insulin

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20
Q

Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
Cytoplasmic membrane
Ribosomes
DNA
Nucleus

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

What is the correct way to denote binomial name of staphylococcus aureus

A

Completely italicized
Staphylococcus aureus

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22
Q

Which of the following is a unit characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
Cause human disease
Lack a nucleus
Cannot be see without a microscope
Contain genetic material
Lack cell structure

A

Lack cell structure

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23
Q

Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms?
Making bread
Treating water and sewage
Manufacturing copper wire
Mass producing antibiotics
Cleaning up oil spills

A

Manufacturing copper wire

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24
Q

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?
Mosquito
Protozoan
Bacterium
Virus
Fungus

A

Mosquito

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25
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ———
Basal body
26
Bacterial cells could have any on of the following appendages except ——— Flagella Cilia Fimbriae Periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) Sex pili
Cilia
27
Bacterial endospores are not produced by ——— Staphylococcus (italics) Sporosarcina (italics) Bacillus (italics) Clostridium (italics) All of the choices are correct
Staphylococcus
28
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ———
Move in response to a chemical
29
if you looked at a ---- under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster or spherical cells
staphylococcus
30
rods that are slightly curved are called -----
vibrio
31
select characteristics exhibited by all bacteria chromosomes fimbriae capsule ribosomes cell wall flagella endospores cell membrane
chromosome ribosomes cell membranes
32
the cell ----- can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane
envelope
33
the outcome of the gram stain is based on differences in the cell's ----
wall
34
the presence of variation in the size and shape of bacterial cells of the same species is known as ----
pleomorphism
35
which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
capsule
35
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is ----
lophotrichous
36
True or false: stains will stay on the slide for 1 minute
True
37
True or false: simple stains use more than one type of stain
False
38
True or false: in lab, we will stain with methylene blue
True
39
True or false: methylene blue is a positive dye and will stain the background of the bacterial organism
False
40
True or false: you will draw a circle on the bottom of the slide (to indicate where your bacteria are)
True
41
True or false: you can use your phone to take pictures of your slides through the eyepiece
True
42
True or false: you are responsible for recording your unknown code
True
43
all of the following are helminths except ---- pinworms flukes trypanosomes roundworms tapeworms
trypanosomes
44
filamentous fungi are called ----
molds
45
the eukaryote cell membrane is composed of ----
sterols proteins phospholipids cholesterol
46
the long, threadlike branching cells of molds are called?
hyphae
47
when a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the?
chromatin
48
which is not a characteristic of fungi? have cell walls photosynthetic include single-celled and filamentous forms heterotrophic nutrition can use a wide variety of nutrients
photosynthetic
49
which of the following does not pertain to helminths? in kingdom protista parasitic worms eggs and sperm used for reproduction often alternate hosts in complex life cycles have various organ systems
in kingdom protista
50
which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria? nucleus mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes all of these choices are correct
all of these choices are correct
51
true or false: all fungi have hyphae
false
52
true or false: in humans, fungi can only infect the skin
false
53
organize the steps of the gram stain
1) applying a primary stain (crystal violet) 2) adding a mordant (gram's iodine) 3) Rapid decolorization with ethanol, acetone or a mixture of both 4) counterstaining with safranin
53
monotrichous bacillus plius fimbria cytoplasmic membrane endospore inclusion bodies ribosome
monotrichous - a singular flagellum bacillus - the shape bacillus subtilis is more likely to have bacillus pilus - long, rigid tubular structure made for mating fimbria - colonization of bacteria to host tissue cytoplasmic membrane - regulate transport endospore - associated with sporulation inclusion bodies - store nutrients ribosome - composed of large and small subunits
54
A lipid membrane is present in which of the following? Naked viruses Viroids Enveloped viruses Prions Both prions and viroids
Enveloped viruses
55
A(N) —— is a virus that infects bacterial cells
Bacteriophage
56
Host specificity is due to what
Interaction between viral and cellular surface molecules
57
In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?
Viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles
58
One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repress or proteins. What is a type of virus that is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism
Retroviruses
59
The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following function of the virus
Both protection and recognition
60
What is a characteristic by which viruses are classified
By the type of nucleic acid
61
What is primarily responsible for the shape of a virion
The capsid
62
List the stages of a lyric replication cycle in order, from earliest to lates stages
Attachment Entry Synthesis Assembly Release
63
Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage
The genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lyric phage
64
true or false: the primary stain of a gram stain is iodine
false
65
the correct order of a gram stain is
crystal violet iodine ethanol safranin
66
true or false: the gram stain is used for identifying and classifying bacteria
true
67
how long should you wash the cells with the alcohol decolorizer in the gram stain
generally from 20" to 1'. you don't want to go for too long to remove all of the stain, but you want to remove the excess. Once the alcohol runs clear, that should be enough.
68
if a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the gram stain procedure, what would be a result?
gram-positive cells would be purple and gram-negative cells would be colorless
69
which of the following places the steps in the correct sequence? - staining - making smear - fixing
- making a smear - fixing - staining
70
you are performing a gram stain on a gram-negative bacteria and you stop after the addition of the mordant. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?
purple
71
true or false: the capsules and flagella of bacteria can be observed in gram-stained smears
false

Microbiology (23 decks)

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