Quiz questions and answers

Question 1

the genes p53, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are known as

Answer 1

tumor suppressor genes

Question 2

When a steroid hormone binds to its receptor that forms an activated receptor complex that migrates to the nucleus and acts as a

Answer 2

transcription factor

Question 3

There are 4 major tissue types. Which of them can form membranes

Answer 3

connective
epithelial

Question 4

Desmones

Answer 4

cadherin

Question 5

hemi-desmosomes

Answer 5

integrins

Question 6

zonula adherens

Answer 6

attach to actin

Question 7

tight junctions

Answer 7

blood:brain barrier

Question 8

Gap junction

Answer 8

exchange of ions

Question 9

zonula occludens

Answer 9

blood:brain barrier

Question 10

attach epithelial cells to ECM

Answer 10

integrins

Question 11

IPS cells

Answer 11

pluripotent

Question 12

cells that secrete mucus are

Answer 12

goblet cells

Question 13

what cells synthesize melanin

Answer 13

melanocytes

Question 14

there are 3 modes of secretion that can be used by a cell. The mode in which the entire cell is destroyed or sloughed off is ___ secretion

Answer 14

holocrine

Question 15

3 basic components of any connective tissue are

Answer 15

gels, cells, and fibers

Question 16

norepinephrine

Answer 16

amine hormone

Question 17

oxytocin

Answer 17

peptide hormone

Question 18

growth hormone

Answer 18

protein hormone

Question 19

testosterone

Answer 19

steroid hormone

Question 20

Galactorrhea is a disorder most frequently caused by a tumor of anterior pituitary cells. Galactorrhea affects the _____ causing abnormal secretion of ______. It can usually be diagnosed by taking a blood sample, which would show ______

Answer 20

mammary gland
milk
hyperprolactinemia

Question 21

In central diabetes insipidus ____ levels are low or lacking, which affects the ______ resulting in ____ and _____.

Answer 21

ADH
kidney
polyuria
polydipsia

Question 22

In another type of diabetes insipidus, hormone levels are normal but the target organ does not respond, this type is known as

Answer 22

nephrogenic

Question 23

In Cushing’s Syndrome, there is overproduction of ______ thus it is probably caused by injury or tumor in the _____ resulting in overproduction of ______ affected people often have a _____ face and buffalo hump on their back

Answer 23

cortisol
anterior pituitary
ACTH
moon

Question 24

overproduction of growth hormone in a subadult animal would often result in ______ but in an adult it would typically result in ______

Answer 24

gigantism
acromegaly

Question 25

signaling by protein hormones involves binding of the hormone to the external portion of a receptor that spans the plasma membrane. The internal part of the receptor is typically a _____ that becomes activated when a hormone binds to the receptor. It in turn activates a second messenger, the most common of which is _____, which activates protein _____ before quickly inactivated by the enzyme _____

Answer 25

g protein cAMP kinases phosphodiesterase

Question 26

blood osmolarity is continually monitored by ___ on specialized cells within the hypothalamus

Answer 26

osmoreceptors

Question 27

Binding of ___ to the ___ cells of the thyroid gland causes the cells to actively transport _____ ions from extra cellular fluid into the cytosol.

Answer 27

tsh follicular iodide

Question 28

Carried out by a specific type of transporter called a _____ because it also transports ____ at the same time. Ions are further transported into the lumen. at the same time, there is stimulation of protein synthesis, specifically of a protein called _____ that is packaged in the Golgi and released within vesicles that fuse with the apical cell membrane and disgorge their contents into the lumen in a process called _____

Answer 28

symporter sodium thyroglobulin exocytosis

Question 29

Material in the lumen is known as

Answer 29

coloid

Question 30

Blood calcium levels are regulated by opposing hormones. High blood Ca levels triggers _____ from the _____. conversely low blood Ca triggers ____ from the _____

Answer 30

calcitonin thyroid parathyroid parathyroid gland

Question 31

major mineralocorticoid hormone is

Answer 31

aldosterone

Question 32

Aldosterone is a key part of a coordinated response to low blood volume or low blood pressure that involves secretion of the enzyme ___ from the kidney ____; that enzyme catalyzes conversion of the blood protein _____ into the hormone _____, which in turn, is converted in the _____ to ____ by the enzyme _____.

Answer 32

renin kidney angiotensinogen angiotensin I lungs angiotensin II ACE

Question 33

epinephrine

Answer 33

chromaffin cells

Question 34

cholecalciferol

Answer 34

skin

Question 35

glucagon

Answer 35

alpha cells

Question 36

erythropoietin

Answer 36

kidneys

Question 37

androgens

Answer 37

adrenal cortex

Question 38

leptin

Answer 38

adipose tissue

Question 39

melatonin

Answer 39

pineal gland

Question 40

cholecystokinin

Answer 40

small intestine

Question 41

insulin

Answer 41

beta cells

Question 42

human chorionic gonadotropin

Answer 42

placenta

Question 43

which hormone dominated during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle

Answer 43

progesterone

Question 44

the pancreas is comprised of an ____ portion, that secretes digestive enzymes and an ____ portion that secretes hormones.

Answer 44

exocrine endocrine

Question 45

Among the hormones are ____, which is secreted by beta cells and causes target cells to take up glucose from the blood, and ______, which is secreted by alpha cells and causes target cells to release stored glucose

Answer 45

insulin glucagon

Question 46

_____ is a hormone secreted by the kidneys that acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate release of _____

Answer 46

Renin aldosterone

Question 47

what cell type makes parathyroid hormone

Answer 47

chief cells

Question 48

the first organ is ___, where the precursor is converted to pro-vitamin D3. The next organ is ____, where specific enzyme adds another hydroxyl group. the third organ is the ____, where another hydroxyl group is added forming calcitriol, which binds to ____ on target cells to have its effect

Answer 48

skin liver kidney vitamin D receptor

Question 49

The lining or wall of the alimentary canal is composed of four basic tissue layers. From innermost to outermost, they are the ____, ____, _____ and ______

Answer 49

mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa

Question 50

three segments of the small intestine, from proximal to distal are the ____, the _____, and the _____.

Answer 50

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 51

The digestive system includes a number of accessory organs, in addition to the GI tract. what is the accessory organ that functions to store, concentrate and release bile?

Answer 51

gallbladder

Question 52

The process of deglutition involves three phases ____ ____ ____

Answer 52

voluntary\ pharyngeal esophageal

Question 53

what does insulin do

Answer 53

stimulates protein synthesis stimulates glycogenesis stimulates lipogenesis inhibits gluconeogenesis

Question 54

lamina propria

Answer 54

mucosa

Question 55

adipose cells

Answer 55

submucosa

Question 56

myenteric plexus

Answer 56

muscularis externa

Question 57

surface epithelium

Answer 57

serosa

Question 58

submucosal plexus

Answer 58

submucosa

Question 59

outer longitudinal smooth muscle

Answer 59

muscularis externa

Question 60

musclaris mucosa

Answer 60

muscosa

Question 61

inner longitudinal smooth muscle

Answer 61

muscularis externa

Question 62

6 fundamental activites of the GiT

Answer 62

ingestion propulsion mechanical digestion chemical digestion absorption defecation

Question 63

Secreted from the stomach, stimulates acid secretion

Answer 63

gastrin

Question 64

secreted from duodenum, stimulates secretion of bicarb

Answer 64

secretin

Question 65

stimulates secretion of bile

Answer 65

CCK

Question 66

slows gastric motility

Answer 66

somatostatin