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Physiology of Domestic Animals II > Quiz questions and answers > Flashcards

Quiz questions and answers Flashcards

1
Q

the genes p53, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are known as

A

tumor suppressor genes

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2
Q

When a steroid hormone binds to its receptor that forms an activated receptor complex that migrates to the nucleus and acts as a

A

transcription factor

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3
Q

There are 4 major tissue types. Which of them can form membranes

A

connective
epithelial

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4
Q

Desmones

A

cadherin

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5
Q

hemi-desmosomes

A

integrins

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6
Q

zonula adherens

A

attach to actin

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7
Q

tight junctions

A

blood:brain barrier

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8
Q

Gap junction

A

exchange of ions

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9
Q

zonula occludens

A

blood:brain barrier

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10
Q

attach epithelial cells to ECM

A

integrins

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11
Q

IPS cells

A

pluripotent

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12
Q

cells that secrete mucus are

A

goblet cells

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13
Q

what cells synthesize melanin

A

melanocytes

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14
Q

there are 3 modes of secretion that can be used by a cell. The mode in which the entire cell is destroyed or sloughed off is ___ secretion

A

holocrine

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15
Q

3 basic components of any connective tissue are

A

gels, cells, and fibers

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16
Q

norepinephrine

A

amine hormone

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17
Q

oxytocin

A

peptide hormone

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18
Q

growth hormone

A

protein hormone

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19
Q

testosterone

A

steroid hormone

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20
Q

Galactorrhea is a disorder most frequently caused by a tumor of anterior pituitary cells. Galactorrhea affects the _____ causing abnormal secretion of ______. It can usually be diagnosed by taking a blood sample, which would show ______

A

mammary gland
milk
hyperprolactinemia

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21
Q

In central diabetes insipidus ____ levels are low or lacking, which affects the ______ resulting in ____ and _____.

A

ADH
kidney
polyuria
polydipsia

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22
Q

In another type of diabetes insipidus, hormone levels are normal but the target organ does not respond, this type is known as

A

nephrogenic

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23
Q

In Cushing’s Syndrome, there is overproduction of ______ thus it is probably caused by injury or tumor in the _____ resulting in overproduction of ______ affected people often have a _____ face and buffalo hump on their back

A

cortisol
anterior pituitary
ACTH
moon

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24
Q

overproduction of growth hormone in a subadult animal would often result in ______ but in an adult it would typically result in ______

A

gigantism
acromegaly

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25
Q

signaling by protein hormones involves binding of the hormone to the external portion of a receptor that spans the plasma membrane. The internal part of the receptor is typically a _____ that becomes activated when a hormone binds to the receptor. It in turn activates a second messenger, the most common of which is _____, which activates protein _____ before quickly inactivated by the enzyme _____

A

g protein
cAMP
kinases
phosphodiesterase

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26
Q

blood osmolarity is continually monitored by ___ on specialized cells within the hypothalamus

A

osmoreceptors

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27
Q

Binding of ___ to the ___ cells of the thyroid gland causes the cells to actively transport _____ ions from extra cellular fluid into the cytosol.

A

tsh
follicular
iodide

28
Q

Carried out by a specific type of transporter called a _____ because it also transports ____ at the same time. Ions are further transported into the lumen. at the same time, there is stimulation of protein synthesis, specifically of a protein called _____ that is packaged in the Golgi and released within vesicles that fuse with the apical cell membrane and disgorge their contents into the lumen in a process called _____

A

symporter
sodium
thyroglobulin
exocytosis

29
Q

Material in the lumen is known as

A

coloid

30
Q

Blood calcium levels are regulated by opposing hormones. High blood Ca levels triggers _____ from the _____. conversely low blood Ca triggers ____ from the _____

A

calcitonin
thyroid
parathyroid
parathyroid gland

31
Q

major mineralocorticoid hormone is

A

aldosterone

32
Q

Aldosterone is a key part of a coordinated response to low blood volume or low blood pressure that involves secretion of the enzyme ___ from the kidney ____; that enzyme catalyzes conversion of the blood protein _____ into the hormone _____, which in turn, is converted in the _____ to ____ by the enzyme _____.

A

renin
kidney
angiotensinogen
angiotensin I
lungs
angiotensin II
ACE

33
Q

epinephrine

A

chromaffin cells

34
Q

cholecalciferol

A

skin

35
Q

glucagon

A

alpha cells

36
Q

erythropoietin

A

kidneys

37
Q

androgens

A

adrenal cortex

38
Q

leptin

A

adipose tissue

39
Q

melatonin

A

pineal gland

40
Q

cholecystokinin

A

small intestine

41
Q

insulin

A

beta cells

42
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin

A

placenta

43
Q

which hormone dominated during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle

A

progesterone

44
Q

the pancreas is comprised of an ____ portion, that secretes digestive enzymes and an ____ portion that secretes hormones.

A

exocrine
endocrine

45
Q

Among the hormones are ____, which is secreted by beta cells and causes target cells to take up glucose from the blood, and ______, which is secreted by alpha cells and causes target cells to release stored glucose

A

insulin
glucagon

46
Q

_____ is a hormone secreted by the kidneys that acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate release of _____

A

Renin
aldosterone

47
Q

what cell type makes parathyroid hormone

A

chief cells

48
Q

the first organ is ___, where the precursor is converted to pro-vitamin D3. The next organ is ____, where specific enzyme adds another hydroxyl group. the third organ is the ____, where another hydroxyl group is added forming calcitriol, which binds to ____ on target cells to have its effect

A

skin
liver
kidney
vitamin D receptor

49
Q

The lining or wall of the alimentary canal is composed of four basic tissue layers. From innermost to outermost, they are the ____, ____, _____ and ______

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

50
Q

three segments of the small intestine, from proximal to distal are the ____, the _____, and the _____.

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

51
Q

The digestive system includes a number of accessory organs, in addition to the GI tract. what is the accessory organ that functions to store, concentrate and release bile?

A

gallbladder

52
Q

The process of deglutition involves three phases
____
____
____

A

voluntary\
pharyngeal
esophageal

53
Q

what does insulin do

A

stimulates protein synthesis
stimulates glycogenesis
stimulates lipogenesis
inhibits gluconeogenesis

54
Q

lamina propria

A

mucosa

55
Q

adipose cells

A

submucosa

56
Q

myenteric plexus

A

muscularis externa

57
Q

surface epithelium

A

serosa

58
Q

submucosal plexus

A

submucosa

59
Q

outer longitudinal smooth muscle

A

muscularis externa

60
Q

musclaris mucosa

A

muscosa

61
Q

inner longitudinal smooth muscle

A

muscularis externa

62
Q

6 fundamental activites of the GiT

A

ingestion
propulsion
mechanical digestion
chemical digestion
absorption
defecation

63
Q

Secreted from the stomach, stimulates acid secretion

A

gastrin

64
Q

secreted from duodenum, stimulates secretion of bicarb

A

secretin

65
Q

stimulates secretion of bile

A

CCK

66
Q

slows gastric motility

A

somatostatin

Physiology of Domestic Animals II (10 decks)

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