Quizzes ! Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
True or False? The Egyptians believed that mental functions were located in the brain
A
FALSE. The Egyptians were cardiocentrists (believed that mental functions were in the heart)
2
Q
True or False? Functional neuroimaging shows brain anatomy, whereas structural imaging shows brain physiology.
A
FALSE (other way around)
3
Q
Which school of thought believes that the brain works as an integrative whole?
A
Holism
4
Q
Which of the following involves difficulty executing daily acts like walking and eating?
A
Activity barriers
5
Q
The prehistoric practice of creating a hole in ones skull is known as:
A
trephination
6
Q
The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination comes from:
A
connectionism
7
Q
Which of the following is classified as an inflammatory disease? Huntington, meningitis, parkinson, ms
A
Meningitis
8
Q
What does neurology involve?
A
Anatomy, physiology, and pathologies of the nervous system
9
Q
What term refers to the total number of current cases in a given population at a point in time?
A
Prevalence
10
Q
Which of the following is the study of disease processes?
A
Pathology
11
Q
What term means “bringing structures together”?
A
Adduct
12
Q
The central nervous system includes what structures?
A
Brain and spinal cord
13
Q
True or False? Ventral induction is a neurodevelopmental period that involves the superior end of the neural tube becoming the face and brain
A
True
14
Q
_________ orientation is used in MRI and CT scans
A
Clinical
15
Q
Which of the following conditions is associated with abnormally small brain size?
A
Microcephaly
16
Q
The cerebral hemispheres will develop out of the:
A
prosencephalon
17
Q
True or False? The term contralateral means “opposite side”
A
True
18
Q
Which part of the nervous system controls our fight-or-flight response?
A
Sympathetic
19
Q
What term refers to the birth of new neurons?
A
neurogenesis
20
Q
Which of the following refers to the forebrain?
A
Prosencephalon
21
Q
How many individual chromosomes do humans normally have?
A
46
22
Q
Which of the following terms means “toward the back”?
A
Posterior or dorsal
23
Q
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the brainstem? midbrain, cerebellum, medulla, pons
A
Cerebellum
24
Q
True or False? Dorsal induction is. a neurodevelopmental period in which the neural tube is formed
A
True
25
True or False? Meiosis is the process of creating gametes, cells with 23 chromosomes
True
26
True or False? Neurulation is the term for the formation of the neural tube
True
27
Which layer of the embryo turns into the nervous system?
Ectoderm
28
Which term refers to a point farthest from a limb's point of attachment?
Distal
29
Which of the following nervous system cells is responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Oligodendroglia
30
True or False? If another stimulus is given to the neuron during the absolute refractory period (1-2 ms), the neuron will immediately fire again.
False
31
True or False? A neuron at rest is said to be "polarized", meaning that gradients are established and the neuron is ready to fire like a loaded gun.
True
32
What neurological disorder involves the body's own immune system, which attacks myelin resulting in progressive scarring of the brain's white matter?
Multiple sclerosis
33
Which part of a cell acts like the mayor of the cell because it contains DNA, which is the genetic code that regulates the maintenance of the cell and production of new cells?
Nucleus
34
True or False? People with intellectual disabilities have a smaller number of dendritic spines.
True
35
True or False? The electrical firing of a neuron, in which an action potential is produced, is known as the process of "depolarization".
True
36
What neurotransmitter plays a role in motor control as well as in our reward system?
Dopamine
37
Which cranial nerve controls the face muscles?
Cranial nerve VII
38
True or False? About 80% of motor fibers cross or decussate at the level of the medulla.
True
39
Which condition can be caused by stroke, tumor, and multiple sclerosis and primarily affects the ipsilateral limbs causing tremor, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia?
Cerebellar hemispheral syndrome
40
True or False? It is possible for a person to live without a cerebellum.
True
41
Which of the following motor tracts originates in the motor cortex of the frontal lobe and functionally is responsible for contralateral movement of the body?
Lateral corticospinal tract
42
Which of the cranial nerves are important for speech and/or hearing?
V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII
43
Which structure regulates many aspects of human experience, including consciousness, the sleep-wake cycle, cardiovascular functions, and respiration?
Reticular formation
44
Inflammation of the spinal cord is known as:
myelitis
45
Which of the following structures has more in common with the basal ganglia than the thalamus?
Subthalamus
46
The pituitary gland belongs to the:
hypothalamus
47
What profile of thalamic aphasia is correct?
Fluency: +
Aud Comprehension: =
Repetition: =
48
What is the form of hydrocephalus that is a narrowing (stenosis) of the passageways that connect the ventricles that can lead to CSF buildup because CSF cannot move freely through the system?
Obstructive
49
The fan-shaped sheet of axons that run between the cortical surface and the thalamus is known as the:
corona radiata
50
True or False? The thalamus processes all sensory information except olfaction
True
51
CVAs cause ______ damage in the brain
focal
52
Phineas Gage suffered from the ______ profile that resulted from prefrontal cortex damage
Manic
53
Which principle of brain plasticity states that training of certain brain functions can lead to improvement?
Use it and improve it
54
True or False? The blood brain barrier protects against foreign invaders and is completely impermeable
False
55
Which of the following structures functions as a visual lexicon?
Fusiform gyrus
56
Which of the following structures is a band of axonal fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
57
Which cerebral cortex area appears to be involved with our phonological system, specifically in storing auditory representations of phonemes and phoneme combinations?
Supramarginal gyrus
58
For nourishment, blood enters the brain through the.....
Carotid and vertebral arteries
59
Which cerebral cortex area is involved in attaching meaning to auditory information, especially speech and language?
Wernicke area
60
Which cerebral cortex area sends motor signals to muscles to move?
Primary motor cortex
61
True or False? In terms of function, each cerebral hemisphere is a mirror image of the other.
False
62
Which principle of brain plasticity states that plasticity occurs more readily in younger people?
Age matters
63
What functions involve the insular cortex?
Ingestive behaviors, negative food responses
64
True or False? Motor information is important to speech production, but not sensory information
False
65
True. orFalse? A thrombus originates in cerebral blood vessel, whereas an embolus originates somewhere else and lodges in a cerebral blood vessel
True
66
Which cerebral cortex area receives and perceives sensory information from the body?
Primary sensory cortex
67
True or False? Labyrinthitis is an infection of the inner ear that affects the vestibular nerve and is caused by virus or bacteria
True
68
What condition is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline
Dementia
69
The _____ is used when you bend over to pick up something and are able to keep yourself balanced (by unconsciously extend one or more of your limbs)
vestibulospinal reflex
70
True or False? Coma stimulation is a systematic application of stimulation to a patient's five senses with the purpose of increasing the patient's responsiveness to stimuli
True
71
What condition involves no purposeful response to stimuli, but does involve brainstem reflexes, a sleep-wake cycle, and depressed EEG patterns?
Persistent vegetative state
72
What condition involves no purposeful responses to stimuli, no brainstem reflexes, no sleep-wake cycle, and flat EEG patterns?
Brain death
73
True or False? the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a 15 point scale that attempts to measure near death experiences
False
74
Which of the following best describe Rancho Level IV?
Confused and agitated
75
True or False? The Rancho Levels of Cognitive Functioning (RLCF) include eight levels designed to describe a patient's emergence from coma and recovery from brain injury
True
76
True or False? The vestibular portion of cranial nerve VIII inputs into the brainstem at the vestibular nucleus (VN), which consists of four nuclei on each side of the brainstem
True
77
True or False? The central auditory system consists of the brainstem, thalamus, and cerebral cortex
True
78
What condition is characterized by total immobility, but preserved wakefulness, core consciousness, and extended consciousness?
Locked-in syndrome
79
Consciousness of whole organisms is:
creature consciousness
80
Which type of aphasia is characterized by patients being echolalic?
Transcortical sensory aphasia
81
True or False? Tonotopic representation refers to the fact that the cochlea's basilar membrane is arranged by tones, and this representation is maintained throughout the central auditory system
True
82
Which structure is crucial for attaching meaning to heard speech?
Wernicke area
83
Which of the following is the thalamus's auditory center?
Medial geniculate body
84
Vestibular neural impulses are first generated in the:
Crista
85
Which part of the brain involves motion sickness and possible vomiting
Reticular formation
86
Which of the following cranial nerve is NOT involved in the final common pathway for speech muscles?
X, V, VII, VIII, XII
VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve)
87
True or False? Contralateral innervation means that the right side of the brain controls the right side of the body and the left side of the brain controls the left side of the body
False
88
Which circuit is involved in your ability to make rapid, alternating movements with your mouth (diadochokinesia)?
Cerebellar circuit
89
Which ascending sensory tract is most crucial to speech?
Dorsal column
90
True or False? linguistic planning is nonmotor in nature
True
91
True or False? motor programming has to do with the execution of phonemes in time and space
True
92
Hypokinetic dysarthria is usually due to damage to the:
Substantia nigra
93
Woman had a stroke, MRI shows right CVA. Is this upper or lower motor neuron damage?
Upper motor neuron damage
94
True or False? Damage to the extrapyramidal system leads to dyskinesia or movement disorders (tremor)
True
95
The lateral corticobulbar tract is an important tract to the _______ motor pathway
direct
96
Which of the following areas sends motor plans to specific speech muscles?
Primary motor cortex
97
True or False? Aphasia is an acquired single-modality language disorder.
False (multimodal)
98
```
Which of the following is NOT classified as a nonfluent aphasia?
Wernicke's
Broca's
Transcortical motor
Global
```
Wernicke's
99
Which cortical reading area is responsible for visual word form recognition and rapid access to whole words?
Occipitotemporal system
100
True or False? Broca's area is necessary and sufficient for properly formed oral language
False
101
Which general category of agraphias is due to visuospatial processing and attentional problems?
Peripheral agraphias
102
What form of central agraphia involves impairment in spelling irregular words (like island), but not regular words (dog)?
Surface agraphia
103
True or False? The oral stage of swallowing is a voluntary stage lasting approximately 1 second
True
104
In which stage of the swallow will patients experience "pocketing" of food in the cheeks?
Oral
105
We, as SLPs, have the right to dictate what people are/are not allowed to eat and drink based on our observations during eating and drinking (either formally or informally) (T or F)
FALSE
106
True or False? Cervical spinal cord injury does NOT involve impairment to the swallowing mechanism
False
107
Which of the following cranial nerves controls the muscles of mastication?
Trigeminal (V)
108
What is the #1 sign/symptom of dysphagia?
Cough response before during or after the swallow
109
True or False? The esophageal stage of swallowing is an involuntary stage lasting 8-20 seconds
True
110
What should be the primary goal of dysphagia treatment?
Support nutritional needs & support hydration needs
111
In which stage of the swallow could patients experience achalasia (results in pain and regurgitation)?
Esophageal
112
True or False? The swallowing center of the medulla includes both the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) as well as the nucleus ambiguus (NA)
True
113
True or False? The swallowing center of the medulla includes both the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) as well as the nucleus ambiguus (NA)
True
114
What fiber type are the two brainstem nuclei?
Nucleus ambiguous
Nucleus tractus solitarius
```
NA = efferent
NTS = afferent
```
115
Which of the following cranial nerves controls glottal closure necessary to prevent aspiration
Vagus (X)
116
True or False? Brainstem strokes often are the most debilitating type of stroke for swallowing, possibly resulting in the whole swallow response being absent.
True
117
The motivation to pursue positive or productive activities is known as:
initiative
118
Which type of memory is thought of as scratchpad memory?
working memory
119
Which type of memory am I using when I get on my bike and remember how to ride it?
procedural memory
120
Which type of memory am I using if I tell you about my trip to England in 2016?
Episodic memory
121
True or False? Patients who suffer traumatic brain injury experience only divided attention issues?
False
122
If I recited the Pledge of Allegiance, I would be using
semantic memory
123
Maintaining your attention as you study for an exam while ignoring your loud, gossiping roommate and his or her music is an example of _______ attention
selective
124
Which of the following terms refers to our ability to draw conclusions and make arguments?
reasoning
125
True or False? attention orders and manages all other cognitive functions for the purpose of setting and attaining goals
False
126
If John attended to his reading while ignoring his roommate talking on the phone, he would be using:
selective attention
127
Which process of cognition involves drawing conclusions or making arguments?
reasoning
128
Implicit strategies are best for those with dementia
True
129
If you had an accident and sustained a head injury and lacked spontaneity and curiosity, you would be struggling with:
initiative
130
Which process of cognition involves recognizing that information is present?
perceiving
131
Which of the following terms refers to storing information
remembering
132
Which of the following types of memory is used for manipulation of information?
working memory
133
True or False? we can see our executive functions in action when we make goals for our week and develop action plans for accomplishing those goals
True
134
If John read his textbook while talking on the phone with his father at the same time, he would be using:
divided attention
135
Which type of memory am I using if I told you that Abraham Lincoln was president during the Civil War?
semantic memory
136
Which of the following disorders is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to cognitive decline
dementia
