Quizzes Prior To Exam 1 Flashcards by Alexis Soliz

Afferent Neurons

A) convey (bring in) information from one region of the brain to another
B) Transmit (carry out) signals from one region of the brain to another
C) Connect neurons within specific regions of the central nervous system
D) A&C

A) convey (bring in) information from one region of the brain to another

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mRNA is translated in (choose all that apply)
- Soma
- Dendrites
- Axon

Soma and Dendrites

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Which of the following is true regarding axonal transport
A) Membrane-bound organelles are transported by slow axonal transport
B) Fast axonal transport is the rate-limiting process for nerve growth
C) Neurotrophins are transported by anterograde axonal transport
D) Neuropeptides are transported by retrograde axonal transport
E) Retrograde transport is twice as slow as anterograde transport

E) Retrograde transport is twice as slow as anterograde transport

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Neuronal Growth Factors are transported in axons via
A) Fast antereograde transport
B) Fast retrograde transport
C) Slow antereograde transport
D) Slow retrograde transport
E) B and D

B) Fast retrograde transport

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Which of the following function is not performed by glia (choose all that apply)
- Insulation
- Release of growth factors
- Providing nourishment to neurons
- Reuptake of neurotransmitters
- Conductions of action potential

Conductions of action potential

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Please indicate which of the following statement is correct regarding the ionic composition across the membrane at rest.

A) Chloride is found in greater concentration inside the axon than outside the axon
B) The interior of an axon is positively charged with respect to the outside of the axon
C) Potassium is pushed out by diffusion forces and pushed in by electrostatic pressure
D) Potassium is pushed in by diffusion forces and pushed out by electrostatic pressure
E) Sodium is pushed in by diffusion forces and pushed out by electrostatic pressure

C) Potassium is pushed out by diffusion forces and pushed in by electrostatic pressure

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The opening of __________ produces the rising phase of the action potential

A) Potassium channels
B) Sodium channels
C) Chloride channels
D) All of the above

B) Sodium channels

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The opening of __________ produces the falling phase of the action potential

A) Potassium channels
B) Sodium channels
C) Chloride channels
D) All of the above

A) Potassium channels

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The sodium channels involved in the generation of action potential are

A) Voltage dependent
B) Will stay open as long as the value of the membrane potential is above the threshold
C) Will inactivate after certain amount of time even if the vault of the membrane potential is above the threshold
D) All of the above
E) A and B
F) A and C

F) A and C

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The potassium channels involved in the generation of action potential are

E) A and B

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As a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters

A) Extracellular sodium concentrations are kept low
B) Intracellular sodium concentrations are kept very high
C) Extracellular potassium concentrations are kept very high
D) Intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low

D) Intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low

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The sodium potassium pump is a transmembrane protein that pumps ___ out of the cell and ___ into the cell

A) 2 Na+; 3 K+
B) 3 Cl-; 2 K+
C) 2 Cl-; 3 K+
D) 3 Na+; 3 K+
E) 3 Na+; 2 K+

E) 3 Na+; 2 K+

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A change in the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed

A) Depolarization
B) Hyperpolarization
C) Threshold potential
D) Action potential

B) Hyperpolarization

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The passive conduction of electrical current, in a decremental fashion, down the length of an axon is referred to as

A) Depolarization
B) Hyperpolarization
C) Cable properties
D) Action potential
E) Resting potential

C) Cable properties

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The interior of a neuron at rest

A) Has the same ionic concentrations as the outside
B) Is at the same voltage potential as the outside
C) Is positively charged relative to the outside
D) Is negatively charged relative to the outside

D) Is negatively charged relative to the outside

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Saltatory conduction takes place in

A) Myelinated axons
B) Unmyelinated axons
C) Myelinated dendrites
D) Unmyelinated dendrites

A) Myelinated axons

Which of the following affect the speed of the action potential down the axon

A) Amount of Myelin and Axon Diameter
B) Amount of Myelin and Axon Length
C) Axon Diameter and Size of Action Potential

A) Amount of Myelin and Axon Diameter

Intensity of a stimulus is NOT coded by

A) The intensity of the action potential
B) The variations in the rate at which that axon fires
C) The number of neurons the respond to the stimulus
D) The type of neurons that respond to the stimulus
E) All of the above approaches are used to code the intensity of a stimulus

A) The intensity of the action potential

The “all-or-none law” refers to the observation that an action potential

A) will diminish to near 0 mV when transmitted down a long axon
B) fires at the same rate regardless of the inputs to the neuron
C) is conducted more rapidly down the axon as it reaches the axon terminal
D) is produced whenever the membrane potential reaches threshold
E) travels only in one direction

D) is produced whenever the membrane potential reaches threshold

Please indicate which of the following is true for GABA:

A) GABA is made from an amino acid
B) GABA is a neuropeptide
C) GABA is inhibitory neurotransmitter
D) GABA is excitatory neurotransmitter
E) All of the above
F) A, B and C
G) A and C

G) A and C

The chemical addressed nervous system is (choose all that applies):

A release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic neurons affect the postsynaptic neurons
Based on the biochemical-anatomical organization of the brain
Based on diffusion of neurotransmitters
Also referred to as volume transmission
Required a specialized receptor to recognize the neurotransmitte

A release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic neurons affect the postsynaptic neurons
Based on diffusion of neurotransmitters
Also referred to as volume transmission
Required a specialized receptor to recognize the neurotransmitte

Autoreceptors for classical neurotransmitters:

A) Localized on the neuron that release the neurotransmitter they response to
B) They are usually providing feedback inhibition, decreasing the release and synthesis of neurotransmitters.
C) Localized on presynaptic unit
D) Localized on postsynaptic unit
E) All of the above
F) A, B and C
G) A and B

F) A, B and C

Please indicate which of the following is true for second messengers:

A) a second messenger is activated following activation of a receptor in the postsynaptic neuron but not in the presynaptic neuron
B) like all receptors, second messengers are all proteins
C) second messengers activate transcription factors
D) b and c

D) b and c

Which of the following process(es) that terminate synaptic transmission occur at the post-synaptic neuron:

a. neurotransmitter reuptake
b. enzymatic degradation
c. receptor internalization
d. all of the above

c. receptor internalization

Please indicate which of the following is true for inhibitors: a. reversible inhibitor is sometimes called a “suicide inhibitor” because it covalently binds to the enzyme b. irreversible inhibitors carry safety concerns c. an enzyme catalyzed a change both in the substrate and the reversible inhibitor which lead to their displacement from the enzyme d. all of the above e. b and c

b. irreversible inhibitors carry safety concerns

Please indicate which of the following is true for transmitter reuptake: a. transport carriers are composing the chemically address nervous system and acts as a shuttle bus to allow molecules to get from one brain location to another distal location b. transporter carrier is an example for a seven transmembrane G-protein couple receptors c. an active transport pump is a type of transport carrier which is linked the hydrolysis of ATP to transport of neurotransmitters across the plasma membrane d. all of the above

c. an active transport pump is a type of transport carrier which is linked the hydrolysis of ATP to transport of neurotransmitters across the plasma membrane

Reuptake inhibitors: a. Actively increase intracellular levels of neurotransmitter. b. Actively increase extracellular levels of neurotransmitter. c. Passively increase intracellular levels of neurotransmitter. d. Passively increase extracellular levels of neurotransmitter.

d. Passively increase extracellular levels of neurotransmitter.

Please match the correct mode of stopping a signal to its function: a) Diffusion: the fastest way to stop a signal between neurons b) Diffusion: rapid reuse of a transmitter molecule c) Enzymatic degradation: rapid reuse of a transmitter molecule d) Re-uptake: rapid reuse of a transmitter molecule e) Re-uptake: the fastest way to stop a signal between neurons

d) Re-uptake: rapid reuse of a transmitter molecule

Please indicate which of the following is true regarding internalization: a) Receptor internalization is occurred in the postsynaptic neuron but not in the presynaptic neuron b) It causes a change in total number of receptor in the cell c) Agonists generally causes receptor internalization d) Antagonists generally cause receptor internalization e) a and c

c) Agonists generally causes receptor internalization

Please indicate which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct regarding the pharmacokinetics of drugs: a. Absorbance of substances administered ip is slower than absorbance of substances administered orally. b. Insufflation is administration of vaporous substances into the lungs. c. Depot binding can affect the distribution and availability of drugs within the body. d. all of the above e. a and c

c. Depot binding can affect the distribution and availability of drugs within the body.

Which of the following decreases/blocks receptor's constitutive activity (check all that apply): a. Agonists b. Partial agonists c. Antagonists d. Partial inverse agonists e. Inverse agonists

d. Partial inverse agonists e. Inverse agonists

Which of the following increases the activity of the receptor (check all that apply): a. Agonists b. Partial agonists c. Antagonists d. Partial inverse agonists e. Inverse agonists

a. Agonists b. Partial agonists

Which of the following do not alter receptor's constitutive activity (check all that apply): a. Agonists b. Partial agonists c. Antagonists d. Partial inverse agonists e. Inverse agonists

c. Antagonists

Which of the following decrease the activity of agonists (check all that apply): a. Partial agonists b. Antagonists c. Partial inverse agonists d. Inverse agonists e. Positive allosteric modulators f. Negative allosteric modulators

a. Partial agonists b. Antagonists c. Partial inverse agonists d. Inverse agonists f. Negative allosteric modulators