Quranic Text Reversed Vocabulary Lesson 8 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Enemy
عَدُوٌّ
Noun; masculine; root: ع-د-و; shows enmity
eaduww
He gave good news
to give glad tiding
بَشَّرَ
Verb, Form II (intensive/causative); root: ب-ش-ر
bashshara
He gives good news
Present tense, Form II
يُبَشِّرُ
yubashshiru
Literal Meaning: To reflect, to ponder repeatedly
English Translation: He thought
Example Sentence: فَكَّرَ الطَّالِبُ قَبْلَ الجَوَابِ.
The student thought before answering.
Grammar Explanation:
A Form II past tense verb, from the root ف-ك-ر, which relates to thought. Form II implies deliberation or repeated reflection—so it’s more intense than just a passing thought.
فَكَّرَ
fakkara
English Translation: He thinks
Literal Meaning: He is engaging in thought or reflection
يُفَكِّرُ
Example Sentence: يُفَكِّرُ الإِنسَانُ فِي مَصِيرِهِ.
A person thinks about his destiny.
Grammar Explanation:
This is the present tense of فَكَّرَ in Form II. It follows the typical pattern يُفَعِّلُ and shows continuity or habit. It can be used for internal or philosophical thought.
yufakkiru
English Translation: He determined / He estimated / He measured
To assess value, destiny, or amount
قَدَّرَ
Example Sentence: قَدَّرَ اللَّهُ مَقَادِيرَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ.
Allah has decreed the measure of all things.
Grammar Explanation:
A Form II past verb from root ق-د-ر (to measure or determine). In Form II, it means to cause something to be measured or estimated. It’s also related to divine decree in Islamic theology.
qaddara
He determines / He values / He estimates
Literal Meaning: He is calculating or measuring out
يُقَدِّرُ
Example Sentence: يُقَدِّرُ العَالِمُ وُزْنَ الجِسْمِ.
The scientist estimates the weight of the object.
Grammar Explanation:
Present tense of the Form II verb قَدَّرَ. The yu- prefix and shadda on the middle letter are signs of Form II. It is used in contexts of evaluation, respect, and divine decree.
yuqaddiru
He glorified (God)
Literal Meaning: To declare the perfection of Allah
سَبَّحَ
Example Sentence: سَبَّحَ الرَّجُلُ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ.
The man glorified Allah after prayer.
Grammar Explanation:
Form II verb from root س-ب-ح, related to movement or swimming. In religious language, it comes to mean to exalt or glorify God repeatedly. The intensive nature reflects frequent or deliberate glorification.
sabbaḥa
English Translation: He glorifies (God)
Literal Meaning: He is declaring God’s perfection
يُسَبِّحُ
Example Sentence: يُسَبِّحُ المَلَائِكَةُ لَا يَفْتُرُونَ.
The angels glorify without tiring.
Grammar Explanation:
Present tense of the verb سَبَّحَ in Form II. The pattern يُفَعِّلُ shows continuous or habitual action. Common in Qur’anic expressions like “يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ”.
yusabbiḥu
English Translation: He leveled / He made equal / He balanced
Literal Meaning: To make even, smooth, balanced
سَوَّى
Example Sentence: سَوَّى اللَّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ.
Allah leveled the heavens.
Grammar Explanation:
Form II verb (فَعَّلَ). The root س-و-ي means “to be equal or level.” The doubled middle consonant (shadda) intensifies the verb, giving the meaning of “to make something level or equal.”
sawwā
He levels / He makes equal
Literal Meaning: He is making something even or equal
Grammar Explanation:
Present tense of سَوَّى in Form II. Pattern: يُفَعِّي. The present tense here shows ongoing or habitual action.
يُسَوِّي
yusawwī
Thunder
Grammar Explanation:
Noun; masculine; comes from root ر-ع-د which relates to trembling and thunder. Used in the Qur’an as a sign of Allah’s power.
رَعْدٌ
raʿd
English Translation: He prayed
Literal Meaning: To perform the ritual Islamic prayer
صَلَّى
Grammar Explanation:
Form II verb, root ص-ل-و. The doubled middle consonant gives the sense of structured, repeated ritual action. Common religious verb.
ṣallā
He performs the prayer / ritual prayer
Form: This is a Form II verb (الفعل المزيد بحرف), which is constructed on the pattern يُفَعِّلُ in the present tense.
Form II Pattern: The middle root letter is doubled (notice the shadda on the “لّ”), which often means the verb is causative or intensive
يُصَلِّي
yuṣallī
He subjected / He harnessed
Literal Meaning: To make something serve another’s purpose
سَخَّرَ
Example Sentence: سَخَّرَ اللَّهُ الشَّمْسَ وَالقَمَرَ.
Allah subjected the sun and the moon.
Grammar Explanation:
Form II verb from root س-خ-ر, meaning to put something under control. The shadda makes it causative: to make something subservient.
sakhkhara
He subjects / harnesses
Literal Meaning: He is putting something to use or under control
يُسَخِّرُ
Example Sentence: يُسَخِّرُ الإِنْسَانُ العِلْمَ لِلْفَائِدَةِ.
Man uses science for benefit.
Grammar Explanation:
Present tense of Form II verb سَخَّرَ. Pattern: يُفَعِّلُ.
yusakhkhiru
He ran / it flowed
جَرَى
Example Sentence: جَرَى النَّهْرُ فِي الْوَادِي.
The river flowed in the valley.
to flow (e.g., water)
Grammar Explanation:
Verb in Form I; root ج-ر-ي. It is a basic verb indicating motion, either by a person or liquid.
jarā
It flows
Literal Meaning: He/it is flowing or running
يَجْرِي
Example Sentence: يَجْرِي الوَقْتُ سَرِيعًا.
Time passes quickly.
Grammar Explanation:
Present tense of Form I verb جَرَى. Present tense in Form I follows pattern يَفْعَلُ or يَفْعِلُ.
yajrī
Glorification (of God)
تَسْبِيْحٌ
Grammar Explanation:
Verbal noun (مصدر) from Form II verb سَبَّحَ. It represents the action or concept of glorification.
tasbīḥ
Truth / Sincerity
Truthfulness
صِدْقٌ
Example Sentence: الصِّدْقُ يُنَجِّي.
Truthfulness saves.
Grammar Explanation:
Noun from the root ص-د-ق, meaning to be true. It’s a basic noun and is highly praised in Islamic ethics.
VN Verbal noun.
ṣidq
He spoke / He talked
كَلَّمَ
To make someone hear speech
Example Sentence: كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا.
Allah spoke to Moses directly.
Grammar Explanation:
Form II verb, root ك-ل-م. The form indicates causation or interaction in speech—implies a two-way communication.
كَلَّمَ = He made speech happen to someone
عَلِمَ (ʿalima – Form I) = He knew
عَلَّمَ (ʿallama – Form II) = He taught
(He made someone know = causation)
He caused words to reach someone
➤ i.e., He spoke to someone / addressed them directly
🧠 What “Causation” Means Here
Form II often makes a verb transitive, or adds the idea of making something happen to someone else:
kallama
He speaks / talks (to someone)
He is talking to
يُكَلِّمُ
Grammar Explanation:
Present tense of كَلَّمَ. Pattern يُفَعِّلُ, which in Form II denotes present continuous or habitual speech.
yukallimu
Revelation / Sending down
Gradual descent or sending down (often of Scripture)
تَنْزِيْلٌ
Example Sentence: هَذَا تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ.
This is a revelation from the Lord of the worlds.
Grammar Explanation:
Masdar (verbal noun) of Form II verb نَزَّلَ. Used to describe the act of revelation, particularly the Qur’an.
tanzīl
Revealed / Sent down
Something that has been sent down (by God)
مُنَزَّلٌ
Example Sentence: القُرْآنُ كِتَابٌ مُنَزَّلٌ.
The Qur’an is a revealed book.
Grammar Explanation:
Passive Participle (اسم مفعول) from Form II verb نَزَّلَ. The prefix mu- and pattern مُفَعَّل shows that the action was done to it.
munazzal
