RA Final Flashcards
1
Q
The physical appearance of one’s face is affected in part by what are known as facial markings. These include the _______, ________, and _________ that help give each of us an individuals.
A
wrinkles, depressions, and projections
2
Q
The character lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords of the neck and dimples of the face.
A
facial markings
3
Q
facial markings are caused by
A
muscles
4
Q
Factors responsible for facial markings.
A
A. Age & Heredity B. Environment C. Muscle Striation & Action D. Position of the body E. Condition of the body 1. Rapid loss of weight 2. Pathological condition 3. Corpulence (weight gain) 4. Trauma
5
Q
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
genetically predisposed to them, genetic make-up from our parents
A
heredity
6
Q
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
the number of facial markings we have increase with age: loss of muscle mass, stretching of the skin, and how our skin was cared for throughout our life
A
age
7
Q
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
what effects most people is exposure to the sun. Excessive amounts of sun throughout the life will tend to have a darker complexion with more line and firmer, less soft skin texture.
A
environment
8
Q
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
The more a muscle is worked, the firmer it becomes. Reverse is also true if muscles are not worked.
A
Muscle striation
9
Q
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
If we are lying on our backs in a supine position, the sag will be posterior and later.
A
Position of the body
10
Q
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
The state that the deceased is in when the embalmer receives it can affect the facial markings. A body that has been disfigured due to an accident or disease may have markings that have been partially or completely altered and need to be reproduced through restorative procedures. Folding of excess tissue can give the appearance of someone looking older
A
Condition of the body
11
Q
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
A disease can change the appearance of facial markings.
A
Pathological condition
12
Q
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
excess moisture can make the face appear unrecognizable. Removes or lessens the effect of wrinkles and facial marking. Opposite effect of weight loss.
A
Corpulence
13
Q
those markings present at birth
A
Natural facial markings
14
Q
those markings developed throughout a lifetime; as you age
A
Acquired facial marking
15
Q
neither natural nor acquired facial markings which occur on both sides of the face are truly symmetrical
A
Asymmetry of facial markings
16
Q
The termination of all facial markings is
A
indefinite
17
Q
a natural facial marking; vertical groove located medially on the superior integumentary lip, extends from the columna nasi and the margin of the red lip (superior mucus membrane). The lateral margins are slightly raised. They form an irregular parenthetical curve; meaning it is shaped like a parenthesis (). The greatest depth of the philtrum corresponds to its widest part. The philtrum can become obscured in very old age
A
Philtrum
18
Q
a natural facial marking;goes from the nose the lips to the corner of mouth. The eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth, extending from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth. Its elevation will vary according to the amount of tissue
A
Nasolabial fold
19
Q
Linear outline of the nasolabial fold
A
Curved- gentle curve,
Straight- less curvature
Sinuous (backward S)
20
Q
adjust color rather than say use of make-up, no written permission required. Minimum effort, skill, and time to complete
A
minor restoration
21
Q
written permission required for restorative procedure. Long period of time, are extensive, required advance technical skill, time to complete
A
major restoration
22
Q
the care of the deceased to recreate a natural form and color
A
restorative art
23
Q
external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elements
A
form
24
Q
a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity and vibration of light
A
color
25
defined as the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features.
Physiognomy
26
Incentives for achieving proficiency in restorative art
Psychological effect on immediate family and friends.Professional responsibility
27
the most common characteristic of each feature
Norm
28
before or in front of; refers to the ventral or abdominal side of the body
anterior
29
toward the rear or caudal end, toward the back; dorsal
Posterior
| dorsal
30
toward the head
Superior
31
beneath; lower; toward the feet
Inferior
32
middle; near the middle plane
Medial
33
toward the side
Lateral
34
refers to two sides (of face or feature).
Bilateral
35
a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings
Projection
36
the withdrawal of a part from its normal position
Recession
37
having a spiracle depressed or hollow surface (bowed in). glossary definition: exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity
Concave
38
curved evenly resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere (Bowed-out).
Convex
39
a line which is neither horizontal nor vertical
Inclination
40
Reason for seeking permission before undertaking a restoration
consumer’s right to informed consent.
41
Is a vertical plane which divides the head into left and right sides; a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions.
Median plane
(sagittal)
if the division is into two equal halves, then it would be median or mid-sagittal plane
42
Cut across the median plane right angle; divides the body into superior and inferior sections
Horizontal plane
| transvere
43
Is slanted (inclined) it is neither vertical nor horizontal
Oblique
44
a surface exhibiting a minimum curvature, but differing in direction from the adjacent surface
Surface
45
Correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face (ears, eyes).
Symmetry
46
Refers to the difference of paired features; the two sides of a feature or both “halves” of the face. (Difference between the two ears). Glossary definition: lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion
Asymmetry
47
A funeral director, during the arrangement conference, has two opportunities to encourage a family to hold a viewing with an open casket:
1. The first involves the funeral director discussing the help that viewing provides the bereaved in facing the reality of death.2. The second arises when discussing the appearance of the body and the technical skill and care that the professional staff will provide to ensure a natural and pleasing appearance.
48
The basic form of the nose is
pyramid shaped
49
The basic form of an ear is
wedge shaped
50
The face has how many bones?
14
51
Muscle that raises the eyebrows.
Occipitofrontalis (epicranius).
52
Muscle the allows us to chew.
Temporalis
53
Muscle that closes the mandible. Aids in chewing.
Masseter
54
Musle that closes the eyelid and compresses the lacrimal sac.
Orbicularis oculi.
55
Muscle that draws the eyebrows inferiorly...frowning.
Corrugator
56
Muscle that raises the upper eyelid.
Levator palpebrae superioris
57
Muscle that draws the skin of the forehead inferiorly; wrinkles the forehead.
Procerus
58
Muscle that closes the lips. Puckering muscle.
Orbicularis oris
59
Muscle that raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils (common elevator)
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.
60
Muscle that elevates and extends the upper lip.
Levator labii superioris.
61
Muscle that draws the lip superiorly and laterally.
Zygomaticus minor.
62
Muscle that makes us smile or laugh.
Zygomaticus major (laughing muscle).
63
Muscle used in blowing a trumpet.
Buccinator
64
Muscle that draws the corners of the mouth posteriorly.
Risorius
65
Muscle that depresses the angle of the mouth
Depressor anguli oris.
66
Muscle that depresses the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally.
Depressor labii inferioris (Quadratus).
67
Muscle that elevates and protrudes the lower lip. Also wrinkles skin over the chin.
Mentalis.
68
Muscle that wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest. "Pouting" muscle.
Platysma
69
Muscle that rotates and depresses the head.
Sternocleidomastoid
70
Muscle that draws the hyoid bone superiorly.
Digastricus
71
Wrinkles, depressions and projections are known as what?
Facial markings.
72
Six things that are responsible for facial markings...
Heredity, age, environment, muscle striation and action, position of the body and condition of the body.
73
Crevice in the skin bordered by adjacent elevations.
Furrow/Sulcus/Wrinkle.
74
An elongated depression on a relatively level plane or surface.
Groove
75
An elongated prominence adjoining a surface.
Fold
76
The fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose located between the nostrils. The most inferior part of the nose.
Columna nasi
77
the horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw.
Mandible
78
Small oval depression on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates. anterior to external auditory meatus Forms TMJ.
Mandibular fossa
79
jaw protrusion of the inferior jaw.
Mandibular prognathism
80
The furrow beneath the jawline, which rises vertically on the cheek; an acquired facial feature.
Mandibular sulcus
81
muscle of mastication which close the mandible.
Masseter
82
the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear.
Mastoid process
83
a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible.
Mental eminence
84
the muscle which elevates and protrudes the lower lip, wrinkles the skin over the chin.
Mentalis
85
directly inferior to the glabella and form a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.
Nasal bones
86
the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla.
Nasal cavity
87
the sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.
Nasal spine of the maxilla
88
The angular area between the posterior margins of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold; a natural facial marking.
Nasal sulcus
89
the furrow lying medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold; an acquired facial marking.
Nasolabial sulcus
90
the concavity superior and medial to the inner corner of the eye.
Naso-orbital fossa
91
those that are present at birth, hereditary.
Natural facial markings
92
crows feet; the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye; acquired facial markings.
Optic facial sulci
93
the muscle that closes the eyelids; compresses the lacrimal sacs.
Orbicularis oculi
94
the muscle that closes and puckers the lips.
Orbicularis oris
95
the bony region containing the eyeball; the orbital cavity
Orbital cavity
96
singular: palpebra; , two movable flaps of skin which cover and uncover each eyeball
Palpebrae
97
the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking.
Philtrum
98
notched on the edge like a saw.
Serrated
99
a muscle of the neck that is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and by separate heads to the sternum and clavicle; marks the widest part of the neck.
Sternocleidomastoid
100
describing those portions which lie immediately inferior to the mandible.
Submandibular
101
the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows.
Superciliary arches
102
the furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid; an acquired facial marking.
Superior palpebral sulcus
103
region between the supercilium and the superior palpebrae.
Supraorbital area
104
the superior rim of the eye sockets.
Supraorbital margins
105
furrows which cross the forehead; acquired facial markings.
Transverse frontal sulci
106
Processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face.
Zygomatic arch
107
the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone.
Zygomaticofrontal process
108
Muscle of the face which draws the superior lip posteriorly and superiorly.
Zygomaticus major
109
Muscle of the face which draw the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly.
Zygomaticus minor
110
External Facial Bones
Nasal Bones (2)Zygomatic Bones (2)Maxilla (2)Mandible
111
Lies directly inferior to the glabellaForms a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity
nasal bones
112
The orifice bounded by the nasal bones and maxilla
nasal cavity
113
Diamond shaped bones that form the cheekbones. They are located on the frontal and lateral planes of the face. The bones form part of the inferior and lateral surfaces of the orbital cavity; has a convex surface (because it moves in the anterior & posterior direction.)
Zygomatic Bones (2)
114
what type of surface are the zygomatic bones? Why?
• Convex surface- moves anterior and posterior in direction• Give us the widest part of the Face
115
the zygmatic bone articulates with what?
Temporal process of the zygomatic. When the arch is completely fused, it has three parts from anterior to posterior. 1. Zygomatic bone2. Temporal process of zygomatic3. Zygomatic process of temporal, which completes the arch attaching it to the temporal bone. The arch points the way to the ear and cuts its length in half.
116
just underneath the zygomatic arch; lateral to the portion of the cheek; not as prominent as the temple area
zygomatic arch depression
117
where frontal bone and zygomatic bones join
zygomaticofrontalis process
118
Anatomical features and RA significancezygomatic bone
The widest part of the anterior plane of the face is measured by straight line from the midpoint of one zygomatic bone to the midpoint of the opposite zygomatic bone. Acts as an area for rouge cosmetics. (Give us the widest part of the Face)Zygomatic Arch- Process on the temporal & zygomatic bonesZygomatic Arch Depression- Depression just inferior to the Zygomatic Arch; it is lateral to the portion of the cheek; but it is not as prominent as temple areaZygomaticofrontal Process- made up of the Zygomatic Bone & Frontal Bone; the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone.
119
bones of the upper jaw; Paired bone• Forms skeletal bone of the superior base of most of the roof of the mouth sides of the nasal cavity and floor of the orbit (upper jaw bone)
Maxilla
120
maxilla Articulates with
Each other at the midline, forming Nasal Spine of the Maxilla•
121
The slip of skin that covers the nasal spine; medial partition between anterior nares;Most inferior portion of the noseTHIS IS NOT THE SEPTUM
Columna Nasi
122
Sharp boney projection located medially along the inferior portion of the nasal cavity
Nasal Spine of the Maxilla
123
• Forms the inferior jaw- horseshoe shaped
Mandible p. 23
124
Parts of the Mandible
BodyRamus
125
triangular projection inferior portion of the anterior mandible; creates the anterior projection of the c
mental eminence of the body of the mandible
126
the area in between mental eminence and incisor teeth;
Incisive Fossa
127
tooth sockets; boney ridge
Alveolar Processes
128
DEFINE INCISIVE TEETH (GLOSSARY)
***
129
vertical portion of the mandible
ramus
130
rounded eminence at the rounded end of a particular bone; on the posterior portion of the ramus; articulates in the mandibular fossa
Condyle
131
non articulating end of the ramus; provides for attachment (ex. When chewing) temporal muscle attaches here.
Coronoid process
132
the depression that is located between the condyle and the coronoid process
Mandibular Notch
133
Marks the widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face
Angle of the Mandible
134
the point of muscle attachment, which moves the least; beginning of muscle contraction
Origin
135
the point of muscle attachment, which moves the most
Insertion
136
muscle of the cranium; also called the “epicranius”Muscle that draws the scalp inferiorly & posteriorly to raise the eyebrows, thin sheet; this broad muscle covers the top of the skull.
Occipitofrontalis Muscle (1)
137
two parts of the occipitofrontalis muscle
frontal belly (frontalis)occipital belly (occipitalis)
138
Effects on surface formoccipitofrontalis muscle
When contracted, this muscle raises the eyebrowsContinual contraction forms: TRANSVERSE FRONTAL SULCITRANSVERSE FRONTAL SULCI- furrows which cross the forehead; acquired facial markings
139
wrinkle or line
sulci
140
Anatomical features and RA significancemaxilla
Processes of the maxillaEminences/processesAlveolar process Palatine Process - Dental prognathism “buck teeth”-
141
Anatomical features and RA significancemaxillaFrontal process of the maxilla - the ascending part of the upper jaw, which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone.
Processes of the maxillaEminences/processes-
142
Anatomical features and RA significancemaxillaa bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.
Alveolar process
143
Anatomical features and RA significancemaxillaforms anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth. Part of the nasal cavity and part of the orbital cavity
Palatine Process
144
Anatomical features and RA significancemaxillaoblique insertion of the teeth; can occur in the maxilla. The point where the two maxilla meet form a sharp bony process known as the nasal spine. The nasal spine creates the inferior border of the nasal skeleton.
Dental prognathism “buck teeth”-
145
Natural facial markings
the angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold. It form angle, almost like a triangle.
nasal sulcus
146
Natural facial markings
| the shallow curving groove located below the medial (inner) corner of the eyelids, moving laterally downward
Oblique palpebral sulcus
147
Natural facial markings
the small convex prominence lateral to the end of the line of lip closure of the mouth; hard to see because it does not have any definite borders; essential to facial expression
(slightly above the corner of the mouth)
Angulus oris eminence
148
Natural facial markings
the groove at each end of the line of mouth closure. Helps to define the width of the mouth, varies in depth and sizedue to the influence from the angulus oris eminence. In youth, it tends to be triangular (corner of the mouth)
Angulus oris sulcus
149
Natural facial markings
the junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin (top of the chin) which may appear as a furrow. The highest point is along the midline. Can be considered subtle.
Labiomental sulcus
150
the elevation of the angulus oris eminence is formed by the combined insertions of the
zygomatic muscles
buccinator muscle
triangularis muscle
151
Natural facial markings
the junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrows (found only below the jawline).
Helps to create the double chin. Most noticeable from the profile view.
Submental sulcus
| submental furrow
152
Natural facial markings
shallow depression located on the cheek or the chin, in a rounded or vertical form. Almost always occur on transverse plane with the line of closure; close to mouth, but can be further back toward cheek area. An elongated dimple is always on median line and called a cleft chin, always more prominent than cheek dimple
dimples
153
insert definition for bilobated chin
bilobated chin
154
Acquired facial marking
furrow medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold. Originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the sides of the mouth
Nasolabial sulcus
155
Acquired facial marking
the horizontal furrows of the forehead. They vary in depth, curvature, and inclination
Can be continuous or interrupted
Greatest depth is toward the lateral end.
Transverse frontal sulci
156
Acquired facial marking
| vertical or transverse in form; these are the furrows between the eyebrows.
Interciliary sulci
157
Acquired facial marking
crow's feet - the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye.
Usually the first acquired facial marking to appear
Optic facial sulci
158
Acquired facial marking
the furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid. Defines upper border of the eyelid. Its appearance is noticeable when there is an absence of fatty tissue that region or where the tissues are firm
Superior palpebral sulcus
159
Acquired facial marking
| the furrow of the inferior border of the lower eyelid. Not always present
Inferior palpebral sulcus
160
Acquired facial marking
the vertical furrow of the cheek. Not to be confused with nasolabial fold. (bucco- cheek)
Can have different locations; short vertical furrow and develop upward and downward; as it moves down it can join into the mandibular sulcus
Bucco - facial sulcus
161
Acquired facial marking
| The furrow beneath the jawline which rises vertically on the cheek.
Mandibular sulcus
162
the nasolabial sulcus is caused by the continual contraction of the multiheaded muscles known as
Quadratus Labii Superioris Muscle
163
most common form of transverse frontal sulci
dip at central plane
164
transverse frontal sulci is cause by the continual contraction of this muscle
occipitofrontalis muscle
165
vertical interciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of this muscle
corrugator muscle
166
transverse interciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of this muscle
procerus muscle
167
optic facial sulci is caused by the continual contraction of this muscle
orbicularis oculi muscle
168
"bags" under the eyes; the fullness you find between the oblique palpebral sulcus and the inferior palpebral sulcus
Infraoribital pouch (orbital pouch)
169
Acquired facial marking
The transverse dipping furrow of the neck. Run across front and sides of the neck. Don't confuse with the cords of the neck
Platysmal sulci
170
Acquired facial marking
| The vertical prominences (eminences) of the neck
Cords of the neck
171
Acquired facial marking
The vertical furrows of the lips, extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips. Extend from red lip; generally occur first in the upper lip; when the lips begin to atrophy, this is when you begin to see these.
Also known as the furrows of age
Labial sulci
172
multiple forms of madibular sulci
serrrated jawline
173
geometric shape of skull
oval
174
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
foramen magnum
175
topmost part of the head
crown vertex
176
small *oval**depression* on zygomatic process of temporal bone into which the condyle of the *mandible* *articulates*, just anterior to the external auditory meatus(forms TMJ)
mandibular fossa
177
the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone.
occipital protuberance
178
lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain.
occipital bone
179
2 bones that form the roof & part of the sides of the skull,*widest* part of *cranium*
parietal bone
180
anatomical structures for locating the modeled ear
temporal bone
181
the vertical surface of the temporal bone.
squama
182
bones of cheek
zygomatic bones
183
2,process on temporal & zygo bones, determines *widest* part of *face*
zygomatic arch
184
one of the lesser concavities of the face, on lateral portion of cheek inferior to zygo arch
zygomatic arch depression
185
opening or passageway of ear, inferior to glabella,triangular in form
external auditory meatus
186
rounded prominence at the end of the bone forming an articulation, the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible
condoyle
187
ascending part of upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone, ascending process of upper jaw
frontal process of maxilla
188
single bony prominence, root of the nose
glabella
189
4 teeth located anteriorly from midline on each jaw, used for cutting
incisor teeth
190
inferior border of mandible
jawline
191
a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible
mental eminence
192
2, paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of the most superior face, roof of mouth, sides of nasal cavity, & floor of orbit
maxilla
193
anterior third of the cranium, forms forehead& the anterior portion of roof of skull
frontal bone
194
paired, rounded, unmargined prominences found 1 inch beneath normal hairline
frontal eminences
195
depression between the mental eminence & the inferior incisor teeth
incisive fossa
196
Care of the deceased to recreate nature form and color is known as...
Restorative Art
197
Study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features...
Physiognomy
198
Another word for shape...
Morphology.
199
The cranium has how many bones?
Eight. Occipital, parietal (2), temporal(2), frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid.
200
Muscle that raises the eyebrows.
Occipitofrontalis (epicranius).
201
Muscle the allows us to chew.
Temporalis.
202
Muscle that closes the mandible. Aids in chewing.
Masseter.
203
Musle that closes the eyelid and compresses the lacrimal sac.
Orbicularis oculi.
204
Muscle that draws the eyebrows inferiorly...frowning.
Corrugator.
205
Muscle that raises the upper eyelid.
Levator palpebrae superioris.
206
Muscle that draws the skin of the forehead inferiorly; wrinkles the forehead.
Procerus.
207
Muscle that closes the lips. Puckering muscle.
Orbicularis oris.
208
Muscle that raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils (common elevator)
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.
209
Muscle that elevates and extends the upper lip.
Levator labii superioris.
210
Muscle that elevates the angle of the mouth.
Levator anguli oris.
211
Muscle that draws the lip superiorly and laterally.
Zygomaticus minor.
212
Muscle that makes us smile or laugh.
Zygomaticus major (laughing muscle).
213
Muscle used in blowing a trumpet.
Buccinator.
214
Muscle that draws the corners of the mouth posteriorly.
Risorius.
215
Muscle that depresses the angle of the mouth
Depressor anguli oris.
216
Muscle that depresses the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally.
Depressor labii inferioris (Quadratus).
217
Muscle that elevates and protrudes the lower lip. Also wrinkles skin over the chin.
Mentalis.
218
Muscle that wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest. "Pouting" muscle.
Platysma.
219
Muscle that rotates and depresses the head.
Sternocleidomastoid.
220
Muscle that draws the hyoid bone superiorly.
Digastric.
221
Crevice in the skin bordered by adjacent elevations.
Furrow/Sulcus/Wrinkle.
222
An elongated depression on a relatively level plane or surface.
Groove.
223
An elongated prominence adjoining a surface.
Fold.
224
The most common profile is what?
Convex.
225
Removing dirt and stains, setting features, temporary sutures and shaving are done before, during or after embalming?
All before (pre-embalming).
226
Application of pressure to an area to prevent swelling and bleaching a discolored area are done before, during or after embalming?
During.
227
Excising tumors, reducing swelling, tissue building, drying/suturing excisions, wax application, cosmetics and hairstyling are done before, during or after embalming?
After.
228
Scabs should be removed before, during or after embalming?
After.
229
Generally, tumors are excised before, during or after embalming?
After.
230
In the case of an amputated limb, the limb should be attached to the body or embalmed separately?
Separately.
231
True or false? A good job of internal coloring/ embalming will lessen the need for external coloring/embalming.
True.
232
Fleshy termination of the nasal septum at base of nose bordered by the nasal sulcus and the anterior nares
COLUMNA Nasi
233
-External nostril openings located in posterior two-thirds base of the nose
Nares
234
- The sharp bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.
- Indicates the bony length of nose
Nasal Spine of the Maxilla
235
-The paired nasal bones are inferior to glabella, forming a dome over the superior portion of nasal cavity
Nasal Bones
236
to bluntly adjoin another structure; for example, the line of eye closure
abut
237
a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the Maxilla and the superior surface of the Mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth
alveolar process
238
descriptive references for locating anatomical structures by means of the anatomical structures which are known
anatomical guides
239
the body is erect facing the observer, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from the body
anatomical position
240
a sharp turn formed by the meeting of two borders or surfaces; angulus
a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible; marks the widest part of lower 1/3 of the face
241
the degree from the vertical at which the surface(s) of a prominent feature projects
angle of projection
242
the small convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking
angulus oris eminence
243
the groove found at each end of the line of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking
angulus oris sulcus
244
before or in front of; an anatomical term for the position and direction which denotes the front or forward part
anterior
245
a structure which exhibits a curved or bow-like outline
arch
246
lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion
asymmetry
247
(cross stitch) a network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position
basket weave
248
two sides
bilateral
249
dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object
bilateral differences
250
the horizontal portion of the lower jaw
body of the mandible
251
the space between the lips and the gums and teeth; the vestibule of the oral cavity
buccal cavity
252
natural, shallow concavities of the cheeks which extend obliquely downward from the medial or lateral margins of the cheekbones
buccal depressions
253
a hollow place or area
cavity
254
a rounded prominence at the end of a bone forming an articulation; the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible
condyle
255
exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface
concave
| CAVE- hollow
256
curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere
convex
257
having an abnormal amount of fat on the body
corpulence
258
separation of the head from the body
decapitation
259
to lower inferiorly or to reduce projection
depress
260
excessive leanness; a wasted condition resulting in sunken surface of the face
emaciation
261
the silhouettes of the face from the side view
facial profiles
262
external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elements
form
263
the depression between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth
incisive fossa
264
the four teeth located anteriorly from the midline on each jaw; used for cutting
incisor teeth
265
a part or projection, more or less rounded; e.g. the inferior part of the ear or the projection of the nose overlying the lower lateral cartilages
lobe
266
the boundaries or edges
margins
267
nearer to the midline; opposite of lateral direction
medial
268
the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average
norm
269
the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking
philtrum
270
thin layer of muscle covering anterior aspect of the neck
platysma
271
the transverse, dipping furrow of the neck; an acquired facial marking
platysma sulci
272
vertical cartilage dividing nasal cavity into two chambers, responsible for asymmetry of the nose
septum
273
in reference to a photograph, a view which reveals the fullness of the cheeks
three quarter view
274
plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
frontal plane
| coronal plane
275
a hollow or concave region
depression
276
the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
protrusion
277
the skull, which functions as the skeleton of the head, is composed of two sections, what are they
cranium
| face
278
the cranium consists of how many bones
8
279
the purposes of the skull are
protect the brain
support the jaws
serve as an attachment for muscles
give form to head
280
bones of the cranium
```
OF PEST
occipital (1)
frontal (1)
parietal (2)
ethmoid (1)
sphenoid (1)
temporal (2)
```
281
the frontal bone articulates with
parietal bones at the coronal structure
282
occipital bone articulates with
parietal bone at lambdoidal suture and the temporal bone at the squamosal suture
283
refers to the rays of light reflected from the surface
color
284
Incentives for achieving proficiency in restorative art.
a. Psychological effect on immediate family and friends.
| b. Professional responsibility
285
unless at least ____ of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted
Why???
two-thirds
| may resemble a “wax replica”
286
Is restorative art internal or external?
both
287
Pre-embalming treatments
1. Setting features- do not breeze through this because you want to get to the embalming. Take your time to set the features. Pay attention to the intimate details (eyelashes, eyes abut, etc.)
2. Suturing clean cuts, skin flaps, positioning skin, muscle, features, etc.
3. Resetting fractures
4. Puncture blisters
5. Support surface tissues
6. Minor buck teeth issues (i.e., Dental Prognathism)
288
During embalming (Concurrent) treatments
1. Internal (active) dye
2. Maintaining feature corrections/alignment
3. Limit swelling (i.e., massaging to help penetrate the fluid deeper into the tissues and to prevent any swelling that may occur.) Use restricted cervical technique to prevent swelling, use cold cotton packs on eyes to help distribute fluid elsewhere, instead of the eyes. Always be continually cognitive of what is going on during the process.
289
Post-embalming Treatments
1. Remove scabs
2. Excise diseased or mutilated tissues
3. Suture incisions/lacerations
4. Reduce swellings
- assist the swelling by using gravity, cold compress, ace bandage,
- making small incision where swelling is present; this is called channeling,
- using an electric spatula(an electrically- heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form); this delivers heat to the area to induce swelling, be sure to use large amounts of massage cream to protect the skin
5. Deep wound preparation and waxing
- when preparing a wound for wax, it should have two essential elements; must be firm and dry
- You want the surrounding structure to be firm and stable to allow for wax
- Needs to be dry because one of the components of wax is petroleum. The petroleum allows the wax to have form and elasticity. Petroleum is oil (oil and water do not mix)
6. Masking discolorations
7. External coloring and cosmetics
8. Correct buck-teeth
9. Attached dismembered part (always after embalming)
10. Hair replacement
290
The following should be done only AFTER embalming
a. Waxing
b. Tissue building
c. Bleaching a stain
291
First people to practice any type of RA
Egyptians
292
Early Attempts (and problems) with RA
Plastic surgery- skin transplant
Plaster of Paris (see glossary) - draws moisture from surrounding tissues
Clay & Putty- too dark and oily. Difficult to hide with cosmetics
Soap
Waxes (see glossary) - finally manufacturers produced a practical substance. Influence of mortuary science schools (1920s)
293
slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular
Oblique
294
Major restoration types
1. Full head of hair
2. Deep wound preparation and care of deep lacerations
3. Repair or reconstruction of multiple fractures
4. Buck-teeth (dental prognathism)
5. 3rd degree burns
295
Minor restorative types
1. Tissue building (filler)
2. Waxing (lips, razor burn, sutures, etc.
3. Bleaching/concealing discolorations
4. Removal of fever blisters
5. Minor hair replacement (eyebrow, eyelash, etc.)
6. Reducing swelling (non-surgical)
296
Theses distinguishing characteristics should not be altered or concealed:
1. Moles
2. Warts
3. Scars
4. Birthmarks
297
anterior third of the cranium
Frontal bone
298
rounded prominence on either side of the medial line (characteristics)
a. They vary in prominence from person to person
b. Maybe in distinct (unrecognizable to the untrained eye.)
c. Asymmetry
d. Can appear continuous
Frontal eminence (2)
299
superior rim of the eye socket; only rim of the eye socket
a. Lies inferior to superciliary arch
b. On some individuals, will be quite prominent (ex. Tommy Lee Jones)
Supraorbital margin (2)
300
located in the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrow
Superciliary arch (2)
