Random Flashcards
MND presentation
Upper and lower MN signs
no sensory involvement
Bulbar signs - tongue wasting, fasciculations
Hemisection of cord
Ipsilateral paralysis + loss of light touch/vibration
Contralateral loss of pain + temp
Cluster headache
More common in men
Unilateral, autonomic features
Px feel the need to move around
Amaurosis fugax
Curtain drawing over eyes
retinal a. embolism as a consequence of AF
Status epilepticus tx
Rectal diazepam -> intravenous lorazepam
No response? load urgently with phenytoin
Complex partial seizure
They don’t remember having it
Psoriasis nail changes
Onycholysis
Basal cell carcinoma main characteristic
Rolled edge
Squamous cell carcinoma characteristics
Hyperkeratonic, ulcerated nodules with inverted edges
Breslows thickness
Assesses the invasion of the melanoma starting from the granular layer of the epidermis to the deepest part
Negative D-dimer?
Pulmonary embolism
Genetics in burkitts lymphoma
t (8,14)
Rouleaux formation
Seen in multiple myeloma
RBC’s adhere and stack on each other
LSE anaemia?
Normocytic normochromic due to decreased erythropoeisis
Mccune albright syndrome
genetic disorder causing uncontrolled secretion of a number of endocrine glands
De quervains thyroiditis
transient change in thyroid status due to a viral infection
Anion gap formula
(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)
Familial gastric cancer mutation?
CDH1 (e-cadherin) mutation
Hepatocellular carcinoma marker
Alpha feto protein
Cirrhosis LFT findings and consequences
Rasied bilirubin and PT, lowered albumin and platelets
Ascites, encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, hepatocellular carcinoma
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Ascitic tap >250 neutrophils
IV antibiotics and albumin
Causes of dysphagia
Oesophageal carcinoma, oesophageal ring, peptic strictures, retrosternal goitre
Difference between duodenal and gastric ulcer pain?
Duodenal pain normally relieved after meals, gastric worse.
Oesophageal varices tx
B blockers
TIPPS 2nd line
