random studying for endocrine ?????

Question 1

what is the endocrine system composed of?

Answer 1

-ENDOCRINE GLANDS THAT PRODUCE HORMONES INTO THE BLOOD.
-GLANDS ARE SPREADED THROUGHOUT THE BODY.

Question 2

HOW IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DIFFERENT?

Answer 2

NS; ACTS THROUGH ELETRICAL IMPULSES AND NEURONTRANSMITTERS TO CAUSE MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND GLANDULAR SECRETIONS.
- EFFECT IS SHORT, MEASURED IN SECONDS, LOCALIZED.

Question 3

HOW IS THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DIFFERENT THAN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

Answer 3

-ES; ACTS THROUGH CHEMICAL MESSENGERS CALLED “HORMONES”.
-THESE HORMONES INFLUENCE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT. AND METABOLIC ACTIVIES.
- THE ACTION OF THE ES IS MEASURE IN MINITUES, HOURS, OR WEEKS.

Question 4

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES OF GLANDS IN THE BODY?

Answer 4

-EXOCRINE GLANDS, ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Question 5

WHAT ARE EXOCRINE GLANDS?

Answer 5

-HAVE DUCTS THAT CARRY THEIR PRODUCT TO A SURFACE AND HAVE A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS. SUCH AS SWEAT, SEBACEOUS, AND MAMMARY GLANDS, AND GLANDS THAT PRODUCE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES.

Question 6

WHAT ARE ENDOCRINE GLANDS?

Answer 6

-GLANDS THAT DO NOT HAVE DUCTS TO CARRY THEIR PRODUCT TO A SURFACE.
-DUCTLESS GLANDS

Question 7

WHAT ARE THE SECRETORY PRODUCTS OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS?

Answer 7

HORMONES,
-THEY ARE PRODUCED DIRECTLY INTO THE BLOOD,
-AND THEN CARRIED THROUGHOUT THE BODY,
-WHERE THEY INFLUENCE ONLY THOSE CELLS THAT HAVE RECEPTOR SITES FOR THAT HORMONE

Question 8

WHAT ARE HORMONES CLASSIFED AS?

Answer 8

PROTEINS OR STEROIDS.

Question 9

ALL OF THE HORMONES IN THE HUMAN BODY, EXPECT THE SEX HORMONES AND FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX ARE COMPOSED OF?

Answer 9

-PROTEINS OR PROTEIN DERIVATIVES.
- THIS MEANS THEIR BUILDING BLOCKS ARE AMINO ACIDS.

Question 10

Target tissue

Answer 10

all of the cells that have receptor sites for a given hormone.

Question 11

What is the anterior portion of the pituitary gland called?

Answer 11

adenohypophysis

Question 12

what is the posterior region called of the pituitary gland?

Answer 12

neurohypophysis

Question 13

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Growth Hormone (GH)
what is its function?

Answer 13

-Stimulates growth of bones, muscles, and other organs
-By promoting protein synthesis
`

Question 14

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) function?

Answer 14

Causes glandular cells of the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone

Question 15

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) function

Answer 15

• Reacts with receptor sites in the cortex of adrenal gland
  -To stimulate secretion of cortical hormones (cortisol)

Question 16

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
Gonadotropic Hormones

Answer 16

• React with receptor sites in the gonads (ovaries and testes)
  -To regulate development, growth, and function of these organs

Question 17

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
-Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
function

Answer 17

-Stimulates development of eggs in the ovaries and sperm in testes
-Stimulates estrogen production in female

Question 18

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Gonadtropic hormone function (female)

Answer 18

-Causes ovulation
-Causes production and secretion of female sex hormones (Progesterone
Estrogen)

Question 19

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Intersitial cell stimulating hormone

Answer 19

-Stimulates interstitial cells of testes to produce and secrete testosterone (male sex hormone)

Question 20

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Prolactin (PRL) function

Answer 20

-Promotes development of tissue in female breast during pregnancy
-Stimulates milk production after birth of infant

Question 21

Hormones of the PosteriorLobe (Neurohypophysis) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 21

-Promotes reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules
-Less water is lost as urine
-Conserves water for the body

Question 22

Hormones of the PosteriorLobe (Neurohypophysis) Oxytocin

Answer 22

-Causes contraction of smooth muscle in wall of uterus
-Stimulates ejection of milk from lactating breast

Question 23

what is the thyroid gland?

Answer 23

-Vascular organ located in the neck
-Consists of two lobes, one on each side of the trachea
-Connected by a narrow band of tissue

Question 24

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine what does this hormone consists of?

Answer 24

-Thyroxine: 95%
-Triiodothyronine: 5%
-Requires iodine for synthesis

Question 25

Iodine deficiency:

Answer 25

Thyroid cannot make sufficient hormone.

Question 26

function of the Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

Answer 26

Help to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Question 27

function of the calcitoin?

Answer 27

Reduces the calcium level in the blood

Question 28

Parathyroid Glands function

Answer 28

-Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) -Increases blood calcium levels

Question 29

where are the adrenal suprarenal glands located?

Answer 29

-Paired glands, one located near upper portion of each kidney -Divided into regions ; Adrenal cortex: Outer region, Adrenal medulla: Inner region

Question 30

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex ; Mineralocorticoids function'

Answer 30

-Regulate blood volume -Regulate the concentration of mineral electrolytes in the blood

Question 31

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex ( Aldosterone function;

Answer 31

Conserves sodium ions and water in the body and eliminates potassium ions

Question 32

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex; Glucocorticoids function

Answer 32

-Increases blood glucose levels: Helps to maintain blood glucose levels between meals - Cortisol: Principal glucocorticoid

Question 33

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex ( Gonadocoritcoids function

Answer 33

- Sex hormones Androgens: Male hormones Estrogens: Female hormones -created in minimal amounts by both sexes

Question 34

what are the hormones of the Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla ?

Answer 34

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 35

what is the function of Epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 35

-these hormones are created in response to stimulation by the sympathetic nerves, during stressful situations. - prepares body for strenous activity "flight or fight" hormones.

Question 36

what are the pancreases cell functions?

Answer 36

-Alpha cells secrete glucagon -Beta cells secrete insulin

Question 37

Glucagon and insulin are hormones that regulate what...?

Answer 37

blood glucose levels

Question 38

why is glucagon produced?

Answer 38

it is a response to low concentrations of glucose in the blood

Question 39

why is insulin produced?

Answer 39

it is produced In response to a high concentration of glucose in blood

Question 40

what is the action of insulin?

Answer 40

Decreases blood glucose level

Question 41

what are hormones do ovaries produce?

Answer 41

-estrogen, development of female sex characterizes

Question 42

what are some of the functions of the pineal gland?

Answer 42

-regulation of circadian rhythms (sleepiness/wakefulness) -Plays a role in hunger/satiety cycles, mood changes -acts on the hypothalamus, promotes gonadotropin releasing hormone.

Question 43

what does the thymus gland produce?

Answer 43

-thymosin, assists in the development of certain blood cells that help to protect the body against foreign organisms. -Play an important role in the body’s immune mechanism