Rapid Review Flashcards
(439 cards)
1
Q
abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome
posthepatic venous thrombosis
2
Q
abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent abx use
A
c diff infection
3
Q
achilles tendon xanthoma
A
familial hypercholesterolemia
decreased LDL receptor signaling
4
Q
adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
meningococcemia
5
Q
anaphylaxis after blood transfusion
A
IgA deficiency
6
Q
anterior drawer sign +
A
ACL injury
7
Q
arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
A
Marfan
fibrillin defect
8
Q
athlete w/ polycythemia
A
secondary to EPO injection
9
Q
back pain, fever, night sweats
A
Pott’s disease
vertebral TB
10
Q
bilateral acoustic schwannomas
A
NF2
11
Q
bilateral hilar LAD, uveitis
A
sarcoidosis
noncaseating granulomas
12
Q
black eschar on face w/ T2DM
A
mucor or rhizopus fungal infection
13
Q
blue sclera
A
OI
type I collagen defect
choroidal veins
14
Q
bluish line on gingiva
A
burton line
lead poisoning
15
Q
bone pain, bone enlargement, arthriitis
A
paget disease of bone
16
Q
bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
A
aortic regurg
17
Q
butterfly malar rash, raynaud, young woman
A
sle
18
Q
cafe au lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas
A
NF1
19
Q
cafe au lait spots, polostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, endocrine abnormalities
A
McCune Albright
mosaic G protein signaling mutation
20
Q
calf pseudohypertrophy
A
muscular dystrophy
Duchenne- X linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystropin gene
21
Q
cervical LAD, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctiva and tongue
A
Kawasaki
treat w/ IVIG and ASA
22
Q
cherry red spots on macula
A
Tay-Sachs- ganglioside accumulation
Niemann-Pick- sphingomyelin accumulation
central retinal artery occlusion
23
Q
chest pain on exertion
A
angina
stable- moderate exertion
unstable- minimal exertion or rest
24
Q
chest pain, pericardial effusion, friction rub, persistent fever after MI
A
Dressler syndrome
autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis
2-12 weeks post MI
25
chest pain w/ ST depressions on EKG
unstable angina- troponins neg
| NSTEMI- troponins pos
26
child uses arms to stand up from squat
Gower's sign
| DMD
27
child w/ fever later develops red rash on race that spreads to body
Slapped cheeks- erythema infectiousum
| Parvo B19
28
chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
huntingtons
| CAG AD repeat expansion
29
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalis, intracranial calcifications
congenital toxoplasmosis
30
chronic exercise intolerance w/ myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
McArdle
| skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency
31
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
32
conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizonal diplopia
internuclear opthalmoplegia
| damage to MLF
33
continuous machine-like murmur
PDA
close w/ indomethacin
keep open w/ PGE analogs
34
cutaneous dermal edema due to CT deposition
myxedema
glucosaminoglycans
hypothyroidism and graves (pretibial)
35
cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm
carcinoid syndrome
right sided cardiac valvular lesions
increased 5IAA
36
dark purple skin/mouth nodules in AIDS patient
Kaposi's sarcoma
| HHV8
37
deep, labored breathing while hyperventilating
Kussmaul breathing
| DKA
38
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra
| B3 niacin deficiency
39
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism, malnutrition
wet beriberi
| B1 thiamine deficiency
40
dog or cat bite infection
pasteurella multocida
41
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
sjogrens
| autoimmune destruction of glands
42
dysphagia, esophageal webs, glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer Vinson
| may progress to SCC
43
elastic skin , joint hyper mobility, increased bleeding
Ehlers- Danlos
Type V collagen
Type III collagen- vascular type
44
enlarged hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow's node
| abdominal metastasis
45
episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
meniere disease
| endolymphatic hydrops
46
erythroderma, LAD, HSM, atypical T cells
Mycosis fungiodes- cutaneous T cell lymphoma
| Sezary- malignant T cells in blood
47
facial spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign- hypocalcemia
48
fat, female, forty, fertile
cholelithiasis
49
fever, chills, HA, myalgia following abx treatment of syphillis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction- rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release
50
fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
measles
51
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
52
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature
Peyronie's disease
53
golden brown rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleisher rings- copper accumulation in Wilson's disease
54
gout, intellectual disability, self mutilating behavior, boys
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome- HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive
55
hamartomatous GI polyps, hyper pigmentation of mouth hands feet and genitals
Peutz-Jeghers- inherited benign polyposis, can cause bowel obstruction, increased cancer risk
56
HSM, pancytopenia, osetoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises
Gaucher disease- glucocerebrosidase deficiency
57
hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome- collagen IV mutation
58
hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver Bucy syndrome- bilateral amygdala lesion
59
hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign +
UMN damage
60
hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations, absent Babinski
LMN damage
61
hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
blue bloater chronic bronchitis
| hyperplasia of mucus cells
62
indurated ulcerated genital lesion
nonpainful- syphilis T. pallidum
| painful w/ exudate- chancroid H. ducreyi
63
infant w/ cherry red spot on macula, HSM, neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease- genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency
64
infant w/ cleft lip/palate, microcephaly, polydactyly, cutus aplasia
Patau trisomy 13
65
jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
Courvoisier sign- distal obstruction of biliary tree
66
infant w/ hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly
Cori disease- deb ranching enzyme deficiency
| Von Gierke- glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency
67
infant w/ microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect
Edwards trisomy 18
68
large rash w/ bull's eye appearance
erythema migrans from ixodes tick bite (lyme disease borrelia)
69
lucid interval after TBI
epidural hematoma- middle meningeal artery rupture
70
male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Bruton disease- X linked agammaglobulinemia
71
mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann thrombasthenia- defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa
72
muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
beck triad of cardiac tamponade
73
multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors of face, impacted supernumerary teeth
Gardner syndrome
74
myopathy- infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, exercise intolerance
Pompe disease- lysosomal a 1,4 glucosidase deficiency
75
neonate w/ arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy- C5-C6 brachial plexus injury, waiter's tip
76
no lactation post partum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome- pituitary infarction
77
nystagmus, intensional tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
multiple sclerosis
78
painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
cold agglutinin disease- autoimmune hemolytic anemia
79
painful fingers/toes change color from blue to white to red with cold or stress
Raynauds- vasospasm
80
painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes
Osler nodes- infective endocarditis, immune complex deposits
81
painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions- infective endocarditis, septic emboli
82
painless jaundice
cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
83
palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain, hematuria
Henock-Schonlein purpura- IgA vasculutus affecting skin and kidneys
84
pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
MEN1- autosomal dominant
85
periorbital/peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
nephrotic syndrome
86
pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
pink puffer emphysema
pan acinar- a1 antitrypsin deficiency
centri acinar- smoking
87
polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
Fanconi syndrome
88
pruritic, purpule, polygonal, plana papules and plaques. sawtooth appearance of dermal-epidermal junction
lichen planus
89
ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
Horner syndrome- sympathetic chain lesion
90
pupil accommodates but doesn't react to light
Argyll-Robertson pupil- neurosyphilis
91
rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/URTI
Guillain Barre- acute inflammatory segmental demyelinating polyradiculopathy
92
rash on palms and soles
coxsackie A, secondary syphilis, rocky mountain spotted fever
93
recurrent cold non inflamed abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
Job syndrome- neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
94
red currant jelly sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
Klebsiella PNA
95
red currant jelly stools
acute mesenteric ischemia- adults
| intussusception- peds
96
red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget's disease of the breast- underlying carcinoma
97
Red urine in the AM, fragile RBCs
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
98
bilateral RCC, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
von Hippel Lindau- dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation
99
resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait
Parkinsons- loss of DA neurons in SN pars compacta
100
retinal hemorrhages w/ pale centers
Roth spots- bacterial endocarditis
101
severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler Najjar- congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
102
severe RLQ pain w/ palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign- acute appendicitis
103
severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness
McBurney sign- acute appendicitis
104
short stature, cafe au lait spots, thumb/radial defects, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia- genetic loss of DNA cross link repair, often progresses to AML
105
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
106
situs inversis, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener syndrome- dynein arm defect affecting cilia motility
107
skin hyper pigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
primary adrenocortical insufficiency- Addison disease
| increased ACTH and MSH
108
slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy- X linked missense mutation in dystrophin
109
small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa w/ blue white centers
Koplik spots- measles rubeola virus
110
smooth, moist, painless wart like lesions on genitals
condylomata lata- secondary syphilis
111
splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
bacterial endocarditis
112
strawberry tongue
Kawasaki disease
| Scarlet fever
113
streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, lymphedema, webbed neck
turner syndrome XO
114
sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
Gout/podagra
115
Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechia
Scurvy- vitamin C deficiency, can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis
116
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
osteoarthritis- causes osteophytes
PIP- Bouchard
DIP-Herbenden
117
systolic ejection murmur crescendo-decrescendo
aortic stenosis
118
telangectasis, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, AV malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria
Osler-Weber-Rendu
119
thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A- AD RET
120
thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis (mucosal neuromas)
MEN2B- AD RET
121
toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign
122
unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
CN VII palsy (LMN)
| UMN injury spares forehead- bilateral innervation
123
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
```
reactive arthritis (Reiters)
HLA B 27
```
124
Vascular birthmark (port wine stain) on face
Benign but can be associated w/ Sturge-Weber syndrome
125
vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome- alcoholics and bulemics
126
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipple disease
127
"worst headache of my life"
subarachnoid hemorrhage
128
anticentromere antibodies
scleroderma CREST
129
anti desmoglein antibodies
pemphigus vulgaris
130
anti glomerular BM antibodies
Goodpasture
131
anti histone antibodies
drug induced SLE
132
anti IgG antibodies
RA
133
antimitochondrial antibodies
primary biliary cirrhosis
134
pANCA antibodies
Churg Strauss- microscopic polyangiitis
135
cANCA antibodies
Wegener's granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis
136
anti Smith antibodies
SLE
137
anti dsDNA antibodies
SLE
138
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
diffuse systemic scleroderma
139
anti transglutaminase, gliadin, endomysial antibodies
celial
140
apple core lesion on barium enema x-ray
colorectal cancer
| usually left sided
141
atypical lymphocytes
EBV
142
azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeoblasts
Auer rods- AML
143
Bacitracin sensitive
GAS
144
Bacitracin resistant
GBS
145
bamboo spine on X-ray
ankylosing spondylitis
| HLA B 27
146
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies- splenic dysfunction
147
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
148
bloody tap on LP
subarachnoid hemorrhage
149
boot shaped heart on X ray
tetralogy of fallot (RVH)
150
branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii
151
bronchogenic apical lung tumor + Horner syndrome
Pancoast tumor
152
brown tumor of bone
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica- hemosiderin deposition from hemorrhage
153
cardiomagaly w/ apical atrophy
Chagas disease- trypanosome cruzi
154
cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
155
chocolate cyst of ovary
endometriosis
156
cellular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes
| neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma
157
colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
CF- AR mutation CTFR
158
decreased AFP in amniotic fluid and maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
159
degeneration of dorsal column fibers
tabes dorsalis- tertiary syphilis
160
delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supra ventricular tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome- bundle of Kent bypasses AV node
161
depigmentation of neurons in SN
Parkinsons
162
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curshmann spirals- whorled mucus plugs in asthma
163
disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies- granulosa cell tumor of the ovary
164
dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia
koilocytes
| HPV associated
165
electrical alternans- alternating amplitude on EKG
pericardial tamponade
166
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
owl eyes
| CMV
167
enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei and central clearing
orphan annie eyes
| papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
168
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body- alcoholic liver disease
169
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body- Parkinsons
170
eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body- viral hepatitis, yellow fever
| represents apoptosis
171
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter
Senile plaques- Alzheimer
172
giant B cells with bilobed uncle and prominent inclusions
Reed-Sternberg cells
| Hodgkin lymphoma
173
glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller Duvall bodies- yolk sac tumor
174
hair on end crew cut appearance on X ray
B thalassemia and sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
175
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
176
granulomatous heart nodules
Aschoff bodies- rheumatic fever
177
heterophile antibodies
infectious mono
| EBV
178
hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
Charcot-Leyden crystals- bronchial asthma
179
high D dimer
DVT, PE, DIC
180
hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle/lower lung lobes, calcifications
Ghon complex- primary TB
181
honeycomb lung
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
182
hypercoagulability with migrating DVTs and vasculitis
Trousseau syndrome- adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung
183
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia
B12- neuro symptoms
folate- no neuro symptoms
184
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome- primary hyperaldosteronism
185
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia
186
increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
NTD
187
increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
188
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies- HSV or VZV
189
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies- basbestiosis
190
keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
SCC
191
large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi- congenital failure of phagolysosome formation
192
lead pipe colon
UC
193
linear IgG deposits on glomerular and alveolar BM
Goodpasture syndrome
194
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease- hepatolenticular degeneration
195
Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on IF
PSGN- IgG, IgM, C3 deposits
196
lytic punched out lesions on X-ray
multiple myeloma
197
mammary gland blue domed cyst
fibrocystic change of breast
198
monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (IgG/A), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (IgM), primary amyloidosis
199
mucin filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
signet ring
gastric carcinoma
Krukenburg tumor
200
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium X ray
Crohns
| string sign
201
necrotizing vasculitis of lungs and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Wegener's granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (cANCA)
| Goodpasture (anti BM)
202
needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals
gout
| monosodium urate
203
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules- diabetic nephropathy
204
novobiocin sensitive
Staph epidermidis
205
Novobiocin resistant
staph saphrophyticus
206
nutmeg liver
chronic passive congestion
| right heart failure or Budd-Chiari
207
Onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma
208
optochin sensitive
strep pneumo
209
optochin resistant
strep viridans
210
periosteum raised from bone, creating triangle on X-ray
Codman triangle
| Osteosarcoma
211
podocyte fusion (effacement)
minimal change disease
212
polished, ivory like bone at cartilage erosion
eburnation
OA
bony sclerosis
213
protein aggreagates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles- Alzheimer and Pick's disease
214
Psamomma bodies
meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serious carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
215
pseuodopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
216
RBC casts in urine
glomerulonephritis
217
rectangular, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals- Leydig cell tumor
218
recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich
219
renal epithelial cell casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (ischemia, toxic injury)
220
rhomboid crystals positively birefringent
pseudogout
| calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
221
rib notching
coarcation of the aorta
222
ring enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
223
sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body-laden macrophages (starry sky)
Burkitt lymphoma t(8:14)
c-myc activation
associated w/ EBV
224
silver staining spherical aggregation of taus proteins in neurons
Pick disease- frontotemporal dementia
225
soap bubble in femur/tibia on X ray
Giant cell tumor of bone
226
spikes on BM with dome sub epithelial deposits
membranous nephropathy
227
stacks of RBCs
rouleaux formation- high ESR, multiple myeloma
228
steeple sign on CXR
croup- parainfluenza
229
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
clue cells- gardnerella vaginalis
230
strep bovis bacteremia
colon cancer
231
tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Birbeck granules
| Langerhans cell histiocytosis
232
thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
familial adenomatous polyposus
| AD APC mutation
233
thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of Zahn
234
thumb sign on lateral neck X ray
epiglottitis
235
thyroidization of the kidney
chronic pyelonephritis
236
tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
237
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease
238
waxy casts with low urine flow
chronic ESRD
239
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
240
WBCs that look smudged
CLL
| B cell
241
wire loop glomerular capullary
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
| SLE
242
yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia- subarachnoid hemorrhage
243
absence seizures tx
ethosuximide
244
acute gout attack tx
NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids
245
acute promyelocytic leukemia tx
ATRA
246
ADHD tx
methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine
247
alcoholism tx
disulfram, acamprosate, naltrexone
248
alcohol withdrawal tx
long acting BNZ
249
anorexia tx
nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine
250
anticoagulation during pregnancy
heparin
251
arryhthmia tx in damaged cardiac tissue
class IB antiarrhythmic- lidocain, mexiletine
252
BPH tx
a1 antagonists, 5a reductase inhibitors, PDE5 inhibitors
253
bipolar disorder tx
lithium, valproate, carbamazepine
254
breast cancer tx in post menopausal women
aromatase inhibitor- anastrozole
255
Buerger disease tx
smoking cessation
256
Bulimia nervosa tx
SSRIs
257
Candida albicans tx
Topical- azoles
Mucosal- nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin
Systemic- amphoB, fluconazole, caspofungin
258
carcinoid syndrome tx
Ocreotide
259
Chlamydia trachomatis tx
Doxycycline, macrolides
| + ceftriaxone for gonorrhea
260
chronic gout tx
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors- allopurinol, febuxostat
261
chronic HBV tx
IFN-a
262
chronic HCV tx
IFN-a, ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir
263
CML tx
imatinib
264
C. diff tx
metronidazole
| refractory- vancomycin
265
CMV tx
Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir
266
Crohn tx
Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine
267
Cryptococcus tx
Fluconazole
268
Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorragic cystitis tx
Mesna
269
depression tx
SSRIS
270
Diabetes insipidus tx
Central- desmopressin DDAVP
| Nephrogenic- HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
271
T1DM tx
low carb diet, insulin
272
T2DM tx
low carb diet, hypoglycemics, insulin if refractory
273
DKA tx
fluids, insulin, K
274
enterococci tx
Vancomycin
| Tigecycline
275
ED tx
Sildenafil, tadalafil, cardenafil
276
ER+ breast cancer tx
tamoxifen
277
ethylene glycol/methanol poisoning tx
Fomepizole- alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
278
Haemophilus influenza B prophylaxis
rifampin
279
GAD tx
SNRIs
280
Wegener's granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis tx
cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
281
heparin reversal tx
protamine sulfate
282
HER2+ breast cancer tx
trastuzumab
283
hyperaldosteronism tx
spironolactone
284
hypercholesterolemia tx
statins
285
hypertrigyceridemia tx
fibrates
286
immediate anticoagulation
heparin
287
infertility tx
leuprolide, pulsatile GnRH, clomiphene
288
influenza tx
Oseltamivir, zanamavir
289
Kawasaki disease tx
ASA, IVIG
290
Legionella tx
Macrolides
291
Long term anticoagulation
warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxabam, apixaban
292
malaria tx
chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaqione/proguanul, primaquine
293
malignant hyperthermia tx
dantrolene
294
medical abortion tx
mifepristone
295
migrane tx
sumatriptan, NSAIDs
296
migraine prophylaxis
propanolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline
297
MS tx
B-interferon, natalizumab, IV steroids
298
TB tx
RIPE
299
N. gonnorrhoeae tx
Ceftriaxone
| + doxy for C. trachomatis
300
N. meningitidis tx
penicillin
| ceftriaxone
301
N. meningitidis prophylaxis
rifampin
302
NTD prevention
folate
303
osteomalacia/rickets tx
Vitamin D
304
osteoporosis tx
Calcium/Vitamin D
| bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMS, calcitonin, denosumab
305
close PDA
indomethacin
306
keep PDA open
PGE analogs
307
pheochromocytoma tx
a antagonists
308
pneumocystis prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
309
prolactinoma tx
dopamine agonists- cabergoline, bromocriptine
310
prostate adenocarcinoma tx
leuprolide, continuous GnRH
311
uterine fibroids tx
leuprolide, continuous GnRH
312
prostate adenocarcinoma tx
flutamide
313
idiopathic PAH
sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol
314
Rickettsia tx
doxy, chloramphenicol
315
schizophrenia + symptom tx
typical and atypical antipsychotics
316
schizophrenia - symptom tx
atypical antipsychotics
317
SIADH
fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan, tolvaptan, demeclocycline
318
sickle cell tx
hydroxyurea
319
Sporothrix schenckii tx
itraconazone, oral potassium iodide
320
Stable angina tx
sublingual nitroglycerin
321
staph aureus tx
MSSA- nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
| MRSA- vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline
322
strep bovis tx
penicillin
| colonoscopy
323
strep pyogenes tx
penicillin
324
strep pneumo tx
penicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin
325
temporal arteritis tx
high dose steroids (before biopsy results confirm due to ophthalmic artery occlusion)
associated w/ polymyalgia rheumatica
326
tonic-clonic seizures tx
levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
327
toxoplasma gondii tx
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
328
T. pallidum tx
penicillin
329
T. vaginalis tx
Metronidazole
330
trigeminal neuralgia tx
Carbamazepine
331
ulcerative colitis tx
5-ASA- mesalamine
6MP
infliximab
332
UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
333
warfarin reversal
```
FFP (acute)
Vitamin K (chronic)
```
334
actinic keratosis
precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
335
acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury
Cushing ulcer
| increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion
336
acute gastric ulcer associated w/ severe burns
Curling ulcer
| reduced plasma volumes leads to sloughing of gastric mucosa
337
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Crohns
338
abdominal aortic aneurysm
atherosclerosis, smoking
339
ascending/arch aortic aneurysm
tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction
340
thoracic aortic aneurysm
Marfan syndrome
341
aortic dissection
HTN
342
atrophy of the maxillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy
343
autosplenectomy
sickle cell disease
344
bacteria associated w/ gastritis, PUD, stomach cancer
H pylori
345
bacterial meningitis in adults
S. pneumoniae
346
bacterial meningitis in newborns
GBS, E. Coli
347
bacterial meningitis in children/teens
S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis
348
bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
Krukenburg tumor
| mucin secreting signet ring cells
349
bleeding disorder w/ GpIb deficiency
Bernard Soulier
350
brain tumor in adult
supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma, meningioma, schwanomma
351
brain tumor in child
infratentorial: medulloblastoma
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
352
most common breast cancer
invasive ductal carcinoma
353
most common breast mass
fibrocystic change
354
benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
355
primary cardiac tumor in kids
rhabdomyoma (tuberous sclerosis)
356
primary cardiac tumor in adults
metastasis, left atrium myxoma
357
cardiac symptoms of SLE
marantic thrombotic non bacterial endocarditis (Libman-Sacks)
358
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiara II malformation
359
chronic arrhythmia
atrial fibrillation
360
chronic atrophic gastritis
predispostion to gastric carcinoma
| pernicious anemia
361
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
362
congenital adrenal hypoplasia + hypotension
21 hydroxylase deficiency
363
most common congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
364
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Dubin Johnson syndrome
| black liver- hepatocytes unable to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile
365
most common causes of constrictive pericarditis
TB, viral illness
366
coronary arteries involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > circimflex
367
cretinism
iodine deficient, congenital hypothyroidism
368
Cushing syndrome causes
corticosteroid therapy, adrenocortical adenoma, ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease), paraneoplastic
369
early neonatal cyanosis
tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia
370
late neonatal cyanosis
VSD, ASD, PDA
371
death in CML
blast crisis
372
death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
373
diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker
374
ejection click murmur
aortic stenosis
375
exotoxin mediated food poisoning
staph aureus, b. cereus
376
most common esophageal cancer
SCC- worldwide
| adenocarcinoma- USA
377
most common glomerulonephritis in adults
IgA nephropathy (Berger)
378
most common congenital heart murmur
mitral valve prolapse
379
bacterial endocarditis
mitral- rheumatic fever
| tricuspid- IVDU
380
epidural hematoma
rupture of middle meningeal artery
381
subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
382
subarachnoid hematoma
rupture of cerebral vessels
383
hemochromatosis
multiple blood transfusions
HFE mutation
causes HF, bronze diabetes, increased risk of HCC
384
HCC
cirrhosis- HBV, HCV, alcoholism
hemochromatosis
a1 antitrypsin deficiency
Wilson disease
385
most common hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand
386
hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome- benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
387
HLA-B27
ankylosing spondylities
388
HLA DR3
T1DM, SLE, graves, Hashimoto thyroiditis
389
HLA DR4
T1DM, RA
390
HLA DR5
Hashimoto thyroiditis
391
holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
392
Virchow's triad
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis
393
secondary HTN
renal failure
394
most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
Excision during thyroid surgery
395
most common cause of hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma
396
most common infection secondary to blood transfusion
HCV
397
most common causes of intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X
398
calcium kidney stone
radiopaque
399
struvite kidney stone
radiopaque
| formed by urease + organisms like Klebsiella and Proteus
400
uric acid kidney stone
radiolucent
401
late cyanotic shunt
Eisenmenger syndrome
uncorrected L->R shunt becomes R -> L
causes pulmonary HTN and polycythemia
402
most common lysosomal storage disorder
Gaucher
403
most common malignancy associated w/ noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
404
metastases to bone
prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
405
metastases to brain
lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
406
metastases to liver
colon >> pancreas, stomach
407
mixed UMN and LMN disease
ALS
408
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
| opening snap murmur
409
most common cause of myocarditis
coxsackie B
410
most common nephrotic syndrome in adults
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
411
most common nephrotic syndrome in kids
minimal change disease
412
neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome- hypothalamic neurons that release GnRH fail to migrate to hypothalamus during embryogenesis
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia
413
nosocomial PNA
s aureus and pseudomonas
414
osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
415
osteomyelitis in IVDU
Pseudomonas, Candida, s aureus
416
most common cause of acute pancreatitis
gallstones, alcohol
417
most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
alcohol
| cystic fibrosis
418
ALL age
child
419
CLL age
adult > 60
420
AML age
adult ~65
421
CML age
adult 45-85
422
Bacterial causes of PID
C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae
423
Philadelphia chromosome
t(9:22)
BCR-ABL fusion
CML
424
most common primary bone tumor in adults
multiple myeloma
425
Buerger disease
smokers
| recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small and medium vessels in extremities
426
RCC
Von Hippel Lindau and smokers
427
S3 heart sound
increased ventricular filling pressure- HF and mitral regurgitation
dilated ventricles
428
S4 heart sound
stiff/hypertrophic ventricle- aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy
429
secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of CKD
430
sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta > coronary artery > politeal > carotid
431
stomach ulcerations w/ high gastrin
Zollinger Ellison
432
t (14;18)
follicular lymphomas
| BCL2 activation- anti-apoptosis
433
t (8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma
| c-myc fusion
434
most common adrenal medullary tumor in kids
malignant neuroblastoma
435
most common type of Hodgkin lymphoma
nodular sclerosis
436
most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
diffuse large B cell
437
vertebral compression fracture
osteoporosis
438
viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
439
catalase + organisms
CGD- especially susceptible
| Nocardia, pseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, E coli, staph aureus, serratia, burkholderia
