RBC Part 1

Question 1

how big is a RBCs diameter

Answer 1

7-8 micrometers in diameter

Question 2

anemia (define)

Answer 2

a reduction in amount of circulating Hb, in total number of RBCs, or circulating mass

Question 3

in acute anemia what increase in RBCs is seen and in what timeframe

Answer 3

3x increase in RBC production within 7-10 days

Question 4

in chronic hemolytic anemia what increase in RBCs is seen

Answer 4

up to 6-8x RBC production

Question 5

anemia symptoms are due to what?

Answer 5

tissue hypoxia

inadequate perfusion of vital organs

Question 6

anemia manifests as what

Answer 6

easy fatigue
dyspnea
pallor
syncope
postural hypotension
angina

Question 7

hypovolemia occurs with what about of blood loss

Answer 7

greater than 30%

Question 8

hypovolumic shock occurs with what amount of blood loss

Answer 8

grater than 40%

Question 9

anemia will lead to what due to compensatory mechanisms

Answer 9

heart murmurs
more forceful apical impulse, palpitations
tachycardia
congestive heart failure

Question 10

CBC measures what

Answer 10

hemoglobin concentration
hematocrit
RBC indices
WBC

Question 11

average adult blood volume is what and how is it distributed

Answer 11

5 liters
3L of plasma
2L of RBCs

Question 12

packed red cell volume is also known as what

Answer 12

hematocrit

Question 13

what is MCV

Answer 13

mean corpuscular volume aka the average size of a RBC

Question 14

what is the normal values of MCV

Answer 14

80-100

Question 15

what is MCH

Answer 15

mean corpuscular hemoglobin aka the average amount/mass of Hb in a RBC

Question 16

what is MCHC

Answer 16

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration aka the proportion of each red cell taken up by Hb

Question 17

what is RDW

Answer 17

red cell distribution width aka the coefficient of variation of RBC volume

Question 18

what is a measurement of anisocytosis

Answer 18

RDW

Question 19

reticulocyte count helps clarify what

Answer 19

anemia

Question 20

what is a reituclocyte

Answer 20

young RBC with residual rRNA

Question 21

MCV is very important in determining

Answer 21

anemia

Question 22

anemia is a sign of underlying disorder and not a diagnosis itself (T or F)

Answer 22

True

Question 23

what is the most common way of classifying anemia

Answer 23

by morphology (microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic)

Question 24

what is a way (not the most common) to classify anemia

Answer 24

pathophysiologic mechanism (deletion of RBCs, excessive destruction of RBCs, production of abnormal RBCs, underproduction of RBCs)

Question 25

microcytic, hypochromic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values

Answer 25

Iron deficiency and thalassemia | decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC

Question 26

normocytic, nomrochromic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values

Answer 26

acute blood loss chronic disease normal MCV, MCH, MCHC

Question 27

macrocytic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values

Answer 27

B12 and folate deficiencies increased MCV variable MCH and MCHC

Question 28

what do the RBCs look like in iron deficiency anemia

Answer 28

hypochromic microcytic anisopoikilocytic

Question 29

how do babies in the US get iron deficiency anemia

Answer 29

excessive cow's milk intake

Question 30

chronic blood loss leads to what

Answer 30

iron deficiency anemia

Question 31

iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of what n increased amounts

Answer 31

platelets (thrombocytosis)

Question 32

how is iron naturally excreted from human

Answer 32

no natural mechanism for excretion

Question 33

what 3 proteins control the iron cycle

Answer 33

transferrin transferrin receptor ferritin (acute phase reactant)

Question 34

70-90% of iron in body is found where

Answer 34

hemoglobin in RBCs

Question 35

occult bleeding is due to what

Answer 35

gastrointestinal- tumor ulcers in men (adenocarcinoma) | gynecologic- postmenopausal women

Question 36

what causes iron deficiency

Answer 36

``` nutritional/deficient diet malabsorption blood loss (menstrual or occult) ```

Question 37

hookworm infection can cause what

Answer 37

iron deficiency anemia

Question 38

what states require increased iron uptake

Answer 38

infancy adolescence pregnancy lactation

Question 39

RDW is what in iron deficiency anemia

Answer 39

increased

Question 40

what clinical signs and symptoms are associated with iron deficiency anemia

Answer 40

pallor (conjuctiva is a good place to look) koilonychia ("spoon nails") esophageal webs pagophagia, PICA

Question 41

what happens to serum iron, fourteen, TIBC and transferrin in Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 41

low iron high TIBC low ferratin low transferrin saturation

Question 42

what is the second most common anemia (second to iron)

Answer 42

anemia of chronic disease

Question 43

what is the most common anemia in hospitalized patients

Answer 43

anemia of chronic disease

Question 44

in anemia of chronic disease what are MCV, MCH, and RDW values

Answer 44

all normal | normocytic, normochromic anemia

Question 45

the life span of RBCs in anemia of chronic disease is what and why

Answer 45

decreased due to: increased phagocytosis factors released by damaged tissues physical damage during passage of red cells through tissues

Question 46

defective reutilization of iron salvaged from RBCs is seen in what

Answer 46

anemia of chronic disease

Question 47

in anemia of chronic disease where is iron sequestered

Answer 47

phagocytes

Question 48

in anemia of chronic disease what are the serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels

Answer 48

low iron normal to low transferrin low transferring saturation high ferritin

Question 49

anemia of chronic disease is associated with what diseases

Answer 49

``` chronic renal failure diabetes mellitus cancer liver disease alcoholism ```

Question 50

hypersegmented neutrophils are seen where

Answer 50

megaloblastic anemias