Reaction Conditions Flashcards
(22 cards)
Producing alkanes from addition of Alkeenes and hydrogen
- Platinum or nickel catalyst finelly divided to increase surface area
Production of alkanes from cracking [2]
High temperature
Aluminum oxide catalyst
Free radical substitution of alkanes to give halogenoalkanes
UV light
Elimination reaction of halogenoalkane to form Alkeenes [2]
Heat
Ethanolic, sodium hydroxide
dehydration of alcohols to form Alkeenes [2]
Hot catalyst of aluminum oxide powder or concentrated acid (sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid) and pieces of porous Pot or pumice
Heat
Addition of Alkeenes with hydrogen (hydrogenation) [3]
Excess hydrogen
High temperature
Platinum or nickel catalyst
Addition of Alkeenes with steam [2]
Acid catalyst such as phosphoric or sulfuric acid
Heat
Oxidation of alkene to give diol
Cold, dilute KMnO4
Substitution of alcohol with PCl3
Heat
Nucleophilic substitution of Halogenoalkane with KCN [2]
Ethanolic KCN
Heat under reflux
Nucleophilic substitution of Halogenoalkane with NH3 [2]
Excess Ethanolic solution of aqueous ammonia
Heat under pressure
Nucleophilic substitution of Halogenoalkane with aqueous alkali
Heat
Hydrolysis of Halogenoalkanes
Heat Under reflux
Elimination reaction of Halogenoalkane [2]
Heat
Ethanolic, sodium hydroxide
Reduction of aldehydes and ketones to give alcohol
NaBH4 or LiAlH4
Reduction of carboxylic acids to give alcohol
LiAlH4
Hydrolysis of Esther [3]
Dilute acid or alkaline or water
Then heat
Acidification
Oxidation of alcohol[2]
Acidified K2Cr2O7 or acidified KMnO4
Reflux
Esterification
Heat under reflux
A strong acid catalyst (H2SO4 or H3PO4)
Two steps names and conditions for the formation of tri iodomethane
step 1: (halogenation)
Iodine in an alkaline solution (NaOH)
Step two : (hydrolysis)
Aqueous NaOH
Nucleophilic addition of aldehydes and ketones with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) [2]
KCN catalyst
Heat
hydrolysis of nitriles [2]
dilue acid or dilute alkali
acidification
