reactions of acids Flashcards
(32 cards)
What do acids react with to produce salts plus hydrogen?
Some metals
This reaction is a characteristic property of acids.
What type of salts does sulphuric acid produce?
Sulphates
Sulphuric acid is a strong acid that reacts to form sulphate salts.
What type of salts does hydrochloric acid produce?
Chlorides
Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in various chemical reactions.
What type of salts does nitric acid produce?
Nitrates
Nitrates are often used in fertilizers and explosives.
What are alkalis?
Soluble metal hydroxides
An example of an alkali is sodium hydroxide.
What are bases?
Insoluble metal hydroxides and metal oxides
Bases can neutralize acids to form salts.
What do acids produce when neutralised by alkalis and bases?
A salt plus water
This is a common neutralization reaction.
What do acids produce when neutralised by metal carbonates?
A salt, water, and carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is released as a gas during this reaction.
What is the method for making a soluble salt from an insoluble base?
Use excess solid and filter off after the reaction
This ensures that all acid is reacted.
What can salt solutions be crystallised to produce?
Solid salts
Crystallisation is a common method in chemistry for purifying salts.
What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?
Hydrogen ions (H+)
The presence of H+ ions defines the acidity of a solution.
What do aqueous solutions of alkalis contain?
Hydroxide ions (OH-)
Hydroxide ions contribute to the basicity of the solution.
What does the pH scale measure?
The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
The scale ranges from 0 to 14.
How can pH be measured?
Using universal indicator or a pH probe
These tools provide a clear indication of pH levels.
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
Neutral solutions have equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions.
What is the pH of acids?
Less than 7
This indicates a higher concentration of hydrogen ions.
What is the pH of alkalis?
Greater than 7
This indicates a higher concentration of hydroxide ions.
What happens in reactions between acids and alkalis?
Hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions neutralise each other
This is the basis of acid-base neutralization.
What is the neutralization reaction equation?
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) → H2O (l)
This reaction forms water from acid and alkali.
What is a titration used for?
To measure the volumes of acid and alkali that react with each other
Titrations are a quantitative analytical technique.
What is a pipette used for?
To measure a fixed volume of a solution
Pipettes provide precision in measurement.
What is a burette used for?
To obtain accurate measurements of the volume of the solution added
Burettes are essential for titration procedures.
What type of indicator is used in acid/base titrations?
An acid/base indicator with a sharp end point, e.g., phenolphthalein
This indicator changes color at the endpoint of the titration.
What is done with results until concordant results are obtained?
Results are repeated and a mean is calculated
This ensures accuracy and reliability in measurements.
